自尊与记忆偏向的关系  

Self-esteem and Memory Bias

作　　者：杨慧[1,2] 吴明证[1] 刘永芳[2] Li Qian 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062 [3]UC Davis Graduate group in Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 95616

出　　处：《心理科学》2012年第4期962-967,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(07BSH053);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(10YJCXLX047);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(11JCJY03YB);浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y200909134);教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目资助

摘　　要：自尊影响着个体对积极或者消极信息的加工和提取偏向。为了探究自尊对记忆的影响是发生在记忆的编码阶段还是提取阶段,以及外显自尊、内隐自尊对再认偏向的影响,研究采用2(外显自尊:高、低)×2(内隐自尊:高、低)×2(编码深度:浅、深)×3(词汇效价:积极、中性、消极)混合设计,考察了外显自尊、内隐自尊和编码水平对不同效价形容词的再认差异。结果发现:(1)内隐自尊影响着记忆偏向,低内隐自尊者比高内隐自尊者表现出较高的积极记忆偏向;而外显自尊不影响记忆偏向;(2)深水平编码条件下内隐自尊影响着个体对积极词的无意识提取,外显自尊低、内隐自尊低者对积极词的再认率高于外显自尊低、内隐自尊高者,但这种效应并不体现在浅水平编码条件下。因此,研究认为,自尊对记忆偏向的影响主要发生在记忆的提取阶段。Recendy,many studies has revealed that people with different self-esteem level hold with the cognitive bias of memory asymmetry in their encoding and retention for valence-laden information.Previous studies mainly explored the influence of explicit selfesteem on memory bias but not the effect of implicit memory.Moreover,whether and how self-esteem impacts implicit memory awaits to be answered.Both implicit memory and implicit self-esteem can be characterized as unconscious,with implicit memory being defined as processing of retrieval of unconscious information,and implicit self-esteem being viewed as unconscious and automatic evaluation toward self.Whether implicit self-esteem has more influence on implicit memory or explicit self-esteem affect explicit memory heavily is worthy theoretical topic for both implicit memory and implicit self-esteem.Based on the conceptual framework of process dissociation model （PDM） proposed by Jacoby（1991）,this study aims to explore the influence of level and type of self-esteem on recognition performance of individuals across level of encoding. A 2（types of explicit self-esteem）×2（types of implicit self-esteem）×2（levels of encoding）×3（valence of words） mixed design were mainly adopted to explore the effect of memory bias for valences of the words on two levels of encoding among 89 participants with different self-esteem level and type,with self-esteem type and level and encoding levels as between-subjects variable and valences of the word as within-subjects variable.Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale（SES） and Implicit Association Test（IAT） adopted to measure participants＇ explicit and implicit self-esteem were completed first.After completed the SES and IAT,subjects will take part in a supposedly unrelated learning task under deep or shallow encoding level,in which they were asked to remember three kinds of words：positive, passive and neutral words.In the subsequent test task,subjects should judge the word presented on the computer screen as old or

关 键 词：自尊 记忆偏向 编码 提取 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]