叔本华悲观哲学的生成及其影响  

The Generation and Effect of Schopenhauer's Pessimistic Philosophy

作　　者：甄碧玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]忻州师范学院专科部,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《忻州师范学院学报》2012年第3期55-57,共3页Journal of Xinzhou Teachers University

摘　　要：叔本华是唯意志主义的创始人。他最先举起反理性主义的旗帜,在"探索人和世界的真正的内在本性"、"维护人的价值和使命"的口号下,对欧洲的理性主义传统提出公开的挑战。他把自我意志作为世界的本原或万物的本质,强调个人意志的独立,贬低理性,否定科学。其理论目标就是其悲观主义人生观,因此其悲观哲学几乎成为叔本华思想的首要特征。他的这一理论观点直接导源于其本体论,展现在其哲学的推理过程中,是其哲学思想的最终结论和归宿。文章通过对其悲观哲学的内容分析,揭示了其理论的生成及其对后世的重大影响。Schopenhauer,a famous Germanic philosopher in the later 19th century,is the founder of voluntarism.He is the first to lift the flag of anti-rationalism,and openly challenged the rationalistic tradition in Europe under the slogan of ＂maintaining value and mission of human being and exploring the inner nature of the human and the world.＂ He regarded the Self-will as the essential of the world,emphasized the independence of Self-will,belittled the rationalism,and negated the Science.His theoretic goal is the pessimism philosophy,so the pessimism can be seen as the primary character of his philosophic idea.His theory,which was reflected in the course of his philosophic reasoning,was directly derived from the ontology and finally became the conclusion and end-result of his philosophy.The thesis aims to analyze his pessimism philosophy to reveal the generation of his theory and the significant influence on the later time.

关 键 词：叔本华 生存意志 表象 痛苦 悲观主义 

分 类 号：B516.41[哲学宗教—外国哲学]