当代社会学中的阶级分析:理论视角和分析范式  

Class Analysis in Contemporary Sociology:Theoretical Perspectives and Analytical Paradigms

作　　者：李路路[1] 陈建伟[1] 秦广强[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会学系 [2]中央民族大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2012年第5期25-46,共22页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文系统梳理了当代社会学研究中的阶级分析文献,揭示了阶级分析视角的核心和多元化的分析范式。阶级分析视角的核心是基于社会关系定义的结构性位置,是关于社会不平等及相关社会现象系统化的结构性解释。多元化的分析范式主要包括:(1)研究对象上的宏观层次(解释大规模社会变迁和转型事件)与微观层次(解释阶级对个人态度、行为和生活机会的影响);(2)分析思路上的 "结构—意识—行动"(将阶级作为"集体行动者")与"结构—状况—选择"(将阶级作为"生活条件综合信号");(3)解释逻辑上的"剥削和利益形成逻辑"、"状况逻辑或理性行动逻辑"和"结构化(或同质性)逻辑"。This paper systematically reviews the literature of class analysis in contemporary sociology and reveals the core of the class analytical perspective and pluralistic analysis paradigms. Firstly, the core of the class analytical perspective is the structural position defined by social relations and it provides systemic structural interpretation of social inequality and the related social phenomena. The essential difference between the class and non-class perspectives can be summarized as ＂relational view＂ vs. ＂gradational view,＂ or ＂categorical models of class＂ vs. ＂gradational models of stratification.＂ Secondly, class analysis contains pluralistic paradigms including 1） macro-level research objects （accounting for large-scale social changes and social transformations） vs. micro-level research objects （accounting for the effects of class on individual attitudes, behaviors and life opportunities）; 2） ＂structure- consciousness-action＂ in analytical thinking （class as ＂collective actor＂） vs. ＂structure-situation-choice＂ （class as ＂omnibus signal of life conditions＂） ~ and 3） differences in the theoretical origin, research object and analytical thinking leading to three different logics of explanation as follows, ＂the logic of exploitation and interest formation,＂ ＂the logic of situation or logic of rational action＂ and ＂the logic of structuration. ＂ Class analysis would be an important conceptual tool to analyze China in transformation. Its pluralistic paradigms and logics of explanation can not only reveal the extent and form of class conflicts in modern China, but also explain the effect of class position on life conditions and social opportunity distribution, and more importantly, it can provide theoretical knowledge and information about the mechanisms for the causal relationship between the class structure and social outcomes.

关 键 词：阶级分析 社会不平等 理论视角 分析范式 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]