名词短语的可及性与关系化--一项类型学视野下的英汉对比研究  

Noun phrase accessibility and relativization in Chinese and English : A contrastive study from the perspective of linguistic typology

作　　者：许余龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学语言研究院,上海市200083

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2012年第5期643-657,799,共15页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“英汉篇章回指的功能语用对比研究”(05BYY036)资助

摘　　要：本文从语言类型学的视角,检验了英汉两种语言中的关系化是否遵循Keenan&Comrie(1977)的名词短语可及性等级(NPAH)理论假设以及相关语言共性规律。研究表明,尽管英语关系化采用后置策略而汉语采用前置策略,但两者在无格和有格关系化策略的分布上相似,并基本遵循NPAH及相关共性制约。两者之间的主要差别表现为,汉语关系化具有主语属格语与宾语属格语之间的不对称现象,而英语则没有。据此,本文提出了GEN_(SUJ)和GEN_(OBJ)之分,并修正了汉语关系化中的NPAH排序,认为GENSUJ的可及性要高于宾语和旁语。This paper examines, from the perspective of linguistic typology, whether relativization in Chinese and English conforms to Keenan & Comrie's (1977) Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (NPAH) and the universal constraints associated with it. It is found that the distributions of the+case and-case relativization strategies in the two languages are quiet similar and in general conform to NPAH and its related constraints, although Chinese adopts the prenominal strategy while English uses a postnominal one in relative clause formation. The major difference between the two languages lies in that there exists an asymmetry in the degree of accessibility between Subject-modifying and Object-modifying genitive NPs in Chinese, whereas such an asymmetry is not observed in English. On the basis of this evidence, a revised NPAH for Chinese relative clause formation is proposed, on which Subject-modifying genitive NPs occupy a higher position than Object and Oblique NPs.

关 键 词：名词短语可及性 关系化 英汉对比 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语] H146