对我国食用菌产业发展的现状与政策思考  

How to Delevop China's Edible Fungi Industry in a Healthy Way

作　　者：张俊飚[1,2] 李波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]国家食用菌产业技术体系产业经济研究室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第5期13-21,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项经费资助项目"食用菌产业技术体系研究"(CAR-024)

摘　　要：分析我国食用菌产业的发展特征,准确把握其发展过程中面临的突出问题,并确立产业健康发展的基本路径,对于解决食用菌产业高速发展过程中出现的问题具有重要的理论与现实意义。基于此,对我国食用菌产业发展的基本特征进行了描述性分析,研究发现:(1)总产量增长迅速,由1978年的不足6.00万t增至2010年2 201.16万t,增加至366.86倍;(2)品种繁多,平菇、香菇、双孢菇、木耳和金针菇为大宗品种;(3)产业大省不断涌现,其中山东、河南、福建、江苏等省产量、产值一直居于全国前列;(4)出口虽时有波动,但总体呈现上升势头,日本、东南亚、欧盟及北美则是我国食用菌的主要输出市场。进而就我国食用菌产业发展面临的问题进行了剖析,发现规模化程度偏低、市场价格波动大、生产方式粗放、市场流通体系不够健全、加工业发展缓慢是困扰当前我国食用菌产业发展的主要问题。最后,据此提出了促进我国食用菌产业健康发展的政策建议。This paper analyzes the characteristics of China＇s edible fungi industrial development, accurately grasps the outstanding problems in the process of edible fungi development and sets up the basic ways to healthily develop such industry, which has both important theoretical and practical mean-ing in working out the problems of edible fungi＇s fast development. Therefore, this paper makes a de-scriptive analysis on the basic characteristics of China＇s edible fungi industrial development. The result shows that firstly the total output of edible fungi increases rapidly from less that 60 000 tons in 1978 to over 22 million tons in 2010. Secondly, there are a great variety of edible fungi, among which cap fun- gus, mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, edible tree fungus and Asparagus are bulk varieties. Thirdly, big industrial Provinces are increasingly emerging, among which the output and value of output of edible fungi in Shangdong Province, Henan Province, Fujian Province and Jiangsu Province have always been in the forefront in the whole country. Fourthly, export of edible fungi sometimes fluctuates but it is gen- erally on the rise. Japan, Southeast Asia, EU and North America are the main exporting markets of Chi-na＇s edible fungi. Consequently, this paper analyzes problems in industrial development of China＇s edi-ble fungi, these problems include lower scalization, volatile price in the market, extensive productive method, imperfect market circulating system and quite slow processing industry. Finally, this paper puts forward several policy suggestions on how to promote the healthy development of China＇s edible fungi industry.

关 键 词：食用菌 产业发展 规模化 市场流通体系 政策思考 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]