小浪底水库对黄河三角洲湿地水分条件和景观格局的影响  

Influence of Xiaolangdi Reservoir on Moisture Conditions and Landscape Pattern of Yellow River Delta Wetland

作　　者：薛小杰[1] 巩琳琳[1,2] 白涛[1] 蒋晓辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学土木建筑工程学院陕西西安710048 [2]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院陕西西安710001 [3]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2012年第4期232-236,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“水库群补偿机理及计算方法研究”(40501011)

摘　　要：研究了小浪底水库对黄河河口湿地水分条件的影响,并利用遥感方法分析了黄河三角洲湿地景观格局在小浪底运行前后的的变化情况。研究表明:(1)降雨是补给湿地水分的重要因素,由于其时间分布不均,使得黄河三角洲具有生态缺水时段;黄河的侧渗补给与降雨补给时段相同,5—7月的来水量大,补给量大,是第二大淡水补给来源。河流侧向补给的增加水量对河道沿岸附近2.5km范围内湿地的水位具有较大的影响,但对整个湿地水分改善没有明显作用。(2)小浪底水库运行后湿地总面积略有增加,其中天然湿地面积减少90.29km2,人工湿地(主要是盐田)面积增加150.11km2;沿海湿地总体上仍以海水侵蚀为主,但与小浪底运行前相比,黄河现代三角洲的河流湿地面积明显增加,同时盐碱化过程受到遏制。The influences of Xiaolangdi reservoir on the replenishment of the Yellow River estuary wetland were analyzed, and the changes before and after the operation of the reservoir on the landscape pattern of Yellow River Delta wetlands were detected using remote sensing. The results show that rainfall was an im- portant source for the wetland replenishment. As the rainfall was unevenly distributed each year in the study area, periods ecologically short of water often occurred. From May to July each year, lateral seepage from the Yellow River and rainfall infiltrations were overlapped, providing large amount of water supply to re- charge the wetlands. The water supply of lateral seepage showed great influences in about 2.5 km of the ri- parian buffer, but no obvious effect on the entire wetland. After the operation of the reservoir, the total area of the wetland increased slightly, specifically with areal reduction of 90.29 km2 in natural wetland and areal increase of 150.11 km2 in artificial wetlands. The coastal wetlands have experienced sea erosion generally. Overall, the area of the wetlands in the study area increased substantially and the salinization process has been restrained after the operation of the reservoir.

关 键 词：遥感 黄河三角洲湿地 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]