化感物质的抑藻作用研究、应用及生态安全性评价  

Inhibitory effects of allelochemicals on algal growth:research,application and eco-safety evaluation

作　　者：王红强[1,2] 吴振斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南城建学院环境与市政工程系,河南平顶山467044 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第7期1375-1379,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51108447);中国博士后特别资助基金项目(201104499);中国博士后科学基金项目(20100471208);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2011FB03);河南城建学院科研基金项目(2010JZD004)

摘　　要：水体富营养化日益严重,水华频繁爆发,如何有效控制水华,治理富营养化水体是目前水环境领域的研究热点和前沿。目前湖泊藻类控制技术主要有:物理方法、化学法、生物法,但是这些方法都有其固有的缺点。利用植物化感作用抑制有害藻类生长具有廉价、生态安全等优点近年来备受关注。化感作用就是生物体产生的生物活性物质即化感物质在生物体之间传递信息并导致生物体相互作用。归纳了国内外不同生活型水生植物化感作用研究的主要成果(包括已报道的抑藻水生植物种类、已从水生植物体内和种植水中分离鉴定得到的化感物质),以及化感物质的联合作用研究,讨论了化感物质的生态安全性。通过化感作用能有效控制引起水体富营养化的各种藻类生长,优化水生生物的组成结构。例如,水体中投放大麦秆可以增加无脊椎动物以及鱼类的数量,从而达到改善水生生态系统的目的。展望了植物化感作用用于水环境治理的发展前景。以期为利用植物化感作用控制水华的发生提供理论基础。With the frequent occurrence of algal blooms resulted from eutrophication in surface water bodies,how to control algal blooms and water eutrophication efficiently is recognized as a frontier and hot-spot in the field of water environment research.Nowadays,the algal bloom controlling technologies include physical,chemical and biological methods,but these ways have their inherent drawbacks.The inhibitory allelopathy of plants on harmful algae is low-cost and ecologically safe,which has been drawn extensive attention recently.Allelopathic effect is the way in which organisms exchange messages and interact with each other resulting in inhibition or promotion between them.This paper reviewed the major research progresses in the allelopathic effects of aquatic plants of different life forms,including the species of aquatic plants with algal inhibiting effects,the types of allelochemicals isolated and identified from these aquatic plants and their culture waters,and the synergistic effects of allelochemicals.The ecological safety of allelochemicals was also discussed.Allelochemicals were applied successfully in reducing algal biomass and optimizing the aquatic community structure.For instance,the presence of the barley-straw in the water can increase the growth of aquatic organims such as invertebrates and fishes,and lead to the amelioration of aquatic ecosystem.Finally,the application potential for plant allelopathy in the water pollution control were discussed in order to provide the principles and guidelines for the algal blooms control by plant allelopathic effect.

关 键 词：化感物质 联合作用 工程实践 生态安全性评价 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]