略论中国公共领域中的社会行动者  

A Brief Discussion on Social Actors in China' s Public Sphere

作　　者：沈瑞英[1] 王敏捷[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院 [2]上海大学社会科学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第5期57-69,共13页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(09BZZ015)

摘　　要：公共领域作为国家和社会共同参与的中间地带,需以公共权力与社会行动者的良性互动来实现社会和谐发展。目前,中国正处于急剧的社会转型期,在传统文化遗存、共产党执政、多党合作协商的政治形态与历史背景下,社会行动者作为一种具有复杂、被动变量的社会构成,其成熟对中国公共领域的构建具有至关重要的作用。在多元社会形态下,利益多样化所形成的社会行动者主要包括精英阶层、中产阶层及弱势群体等,他们在公共领域参与中存在诸多问题,如:人性私欲性在无法实现利益"帕累托最优"状况下导致公共领域"公共性"畸变与"搭便车"参与;社会民众政治人格在转型期形成的迷茫与偏差造成公共领域参与的失范、失效与政治冷漠;传统家国二元思维、"臣民文化"、权威人格等思维模式使社会行动者陷入公共意识缺乏、主动性丧失以及权威崇拜与追逐之危险中。基于此,社会行动者的成熟需形成以公民道德建设、现代政治人格塑造、公民文化培育等为主要内容的综合构建体系,以文化和制度的内外双重作用为中国公共领域构建提供独立自主、理性积极的参与主体,即真正意义上的公民。而以执政党为核心的公共权力将是最终决定中国公共领域构建实效的关键所在。The public sphere, which is a middle zone managed by both country and society, will not enhance the harmonious development of society without the positive interaction between public power and social actors.At present, China is going through rapid social transformation. With the political situation and historical background of the Communist Party in power and many parties in cooperation, as well as the influence of the traditional culture, the maturity of social actors, who are a complicated and passive part of society, is of great significance to the construction of China＇s public sphere. In a pluralistic society, social actors are interest groups that mainly include elite, middle-class and vulnerable ones. These social actors cause many problems in the public sphere such as the following： when the Pareto Optimality of benefit is not realized, their selfish instinct distorts the public feature of the public sphere and makes possible free-rider participation; when confusion and deviation appear in their political personality during the transition period, their participation in the public sphere becomes disordered, ineffective and politically indifferent; when trapped in the traditional binary interpretation of home and countryas well as the belief in subject culture and authoritative character, they tend to sacrifice public consciousness and initiative for the worship and pursuit of authority. Based on these, to help the social actors become more mature, a comprehensive system should be constructed to serve the development of citizen morality, the improvement of modern political personality and the cultivation of citizen culture. This external system, along with the internal culture, will provide independent, rational and active participation subjects, i.e. citizensin a real sense, for the building of China＇s public sphere. And the public power, whose core is the ruling party, will be the key factor in deciding whether the construction of China＇s public sphere is successful or not.

关 键 词：公共领域 社会行动者 政治人格 政治文化 

分 类 号：D089[政治法律—政治学]