miRNA在骨肉瘤中的研究进展  

Research advance of miRNA in osteosarcoma

作　　者：李梅[1] 张余[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州军区广州总医院骨科医院,510010

出　　处：《中国骨与关节杂志》2012年第5期536-539,共4页Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint

摘　　要：骨肉瘤是一种恶性程度很高的原发性骨肿瘤，其发生率约为0．04～0．05／万，多数起源于骨间叶细胞，好发部位为长骨，一般为股骨远端或胫骨近端，其次为肱骨近端。好发于10～20岁的青少年，占骨恶性肿瘤的20％左右，肺转移是其主要死亡原因，随着新辅助化疗、保肢手术等的开展，5年生存率提高到近60％～70％。但由于化疗耐药性等问题的存在，患者仍面临着复发及肺转移的困扰。基因治疗、免疫治疗和分子靶向治疗等生物治疗技术的发展也为骨肉瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，为骨肉瘤患者带来希望。Osteosarcoma （OS） is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, usually arising m me long bones of adolescents and young adults. While our knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of OS has increased in recent years, we are still far from a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease, such as its tumorigenesis, specific mediators of disease progression, occurrence of chemo- resistance, and development of metastasis. Along with the recent discovery of microRNAs （miRNAs）, their critical roles in molecular biological processes have been of great interest in the cancer research field, including research on sarcomas, miRNA is a kind of universally distributed and highly conserved non-coding small molecule RNA in eukaryotic cell, and miRNA extensively participates in regulating vital movements of animals and plants. Growing evidences have indicated a strong association between miRNAs and oncogenesis, miRNAs exert their tumor suppressor or oncogenic function by suppressing the expression of protein-coding genes and in turn regulating the signaling pathways. Additionally, miRNAs and their target genes or proteins can be potential novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cancer. Characterization of miRNA provides us a new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis as well as the new strategy for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the recent progression on the research field of miRNA and its association with Osteosarcoma.

关 键 词：骨肉瘤 MIRNA 原发性骨肿瘤 主要死亡原因 生物治疗技术 分子靶向治疗 基因治疗 骨恶性肿瘤 

分 类 号：R738.1[医药卫生—肿瘤] Q783[医药卫生—临床医学]