纽约市自然灾害风险评估的主要做法与经验  

Natural Hazard Risk Assessment in New York City: Measures and Experiences

作　　者：钟开斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家行政学院应急管理培训部,副教授北京100089

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2012年第10期87-90,共4页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"基于信息的适应性政府应急决策机制研究"(项目号:11CGL090);国家自然科学基金重点项目"城市综合风险评估与应急处置若干关键问题研究"(项目号:70833003)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：根据美国联邦政府的统一要求和指导意见,纽约市探索建立了由市应急办牵头的规范有序、综合协调、依靠科技、公开透明的自然灾害风险评估体系。通过开展辨识风险、描述风险事件、编写资产清单、评估灾害损失等工作,详细分析了当地的风险环境,确定了所面临的八大类自然灾害风险,为每类风险绘制本地区大比例尺的风险分布图、风险损失表及风险淹没疏散撤离图,为防灾减灾和应急管理部门提供辅助决策支持。Risk assessment is the process of evaluating the vulnerability of people,buildings,and infrastructure to estimate the potential loss of life,personal injury,economic injury,and property damage resulting from natural hazards.To address the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and better understand the potential vulnerability and losses associated with hazards of concern,New York City used standardized tools including the HAZUS-MH modeling software,combined with local,state,and federal data to conduct the vulnerability assessment.Following the process of risk identification,vulnerability assessment,hazard environment and losses evaluation,New York City retained eight natural hazards for profiling and analysis.

关 键 词：风险评估 自然灾害 应急管理 纽约市 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]