论孔子的自我口述叙事及其诗学影响  

On Confucius' self-Oral Narrative and his poetics

作　　者：王成军[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第5期19-22,共4页Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金："江苏省社会科学基金立项资助项目"(11WWB003);"江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目:江苏师范大学语言认知科学与文化艺术学科群"阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：孔子在叙述其生平经历时,把自己描画成为一个发愤忘食、乐以忘忧的仁者形象,且突显其人生理想状态:而立、不惑、知天命、耳顺、随心所欲。孔子是中国口述自传第一人。我们认为,中国自传的叙事传统之一,尤其是中国式自传的叙事形式修辞之一实渊源于孔子,即重视叙述自我反省后的道德修养,而不太在意对自我生平中的事件叙述。孔子从不纯粹叙述事件本身,而是隐含或明言其叙事目的。因此可以说,正是孔子的自我口述叙事,开启了陶渊明《五柳先生传》等类型的自传叙事模式,其自传诗学影响深远。不得不承认,《论语》中大量的语料是孔门弟子及其再传弟子等传记叙述者对孔子形象的他画,而可以归结到孔子自我描画的文字着实不多,甚至我们必须明晓本文中的孔子自画文字,也是通过孔子弟子转述而形成的。一个特别重视史官传记文化的中国,如此稀缺对自我生平叙述的经典,不得不说是源自孔子及其所创造的儒家文化的负面影响。Confucius described his life experiences as a strenuously forgot to eat and lotus benevolent image, and highlighted his ideals status in different ages. Confucius was the first person of Chinese Oral autobiography. It is believed that the autobiographi- cal narrative tradition of the Chinese from Confucius emphasizes on narrative self-reflection and moral cultivation, does not care a- bout the narrative of the events in the autobiography. Confucius never purely narrated event itself, but expressed implicitly or ex- plicitly narrative purpose. Therefore it is the Confucius oral narrative that opened the Tao Yuanming~ ＂ Mr, Wu Liu＂ and other types of autobiographical narrative mode. There is the far-reaching impact of its autobiographical poetics. Admittedly, the Ana- lects is the Confucian disciples and their students＇painting of Confucius image, and the Confucius＇s self-painted parts are really small. Even his self-portrait parts in the text are described by his students. China pays special attention to the historiographer Bi- ography, but there is so scarce autobiography which has its negative impact created by the Confucian culture.

关 键 词：孔子 口述叙事 《论语》 吾少也贱 诗学影响 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]