兔视网膜脱离后视网膜神经节细胞及微血管的形态学观察  

Morphological observation on retinal ganglion cells and microvessels after retinal detachment in rabbits

作　　者：谢琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学第二附属医院眼科,江西省南昌市330006

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2012年第10期909-913,共5页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(编号:81160123);江西省科技支撑计划重点项目基金资助(编号2010BSA15800)~~

摘　　要：目的观察视网膜脱离(retinal detachment,RD)后视网膜神经节细胞及微血管的形态学变化,以探讨RD后视功能损伤机制。方法 36只青紫兰灰兔左眼经玻璃体内注入透明质酸酶(10U·mL-1)液化玻璃体,抽吸液化玻璃体并以此液流冲击视网膜造成RD模型,右眼作为对照组。根据RD后不同时间分组,分别为RD后6h组、1d组、3d组、7d组、14d组、28d组,每组6只兔,每组均于光镜及透射电镜下观察视网膜情况。结果光镜下观察,与对照组相比,RD后6h组视网膜神经节细胞略肿胀,胞浆着色浅,胞浆中部的Nissl小体消失,仅在细胞周边部有少量残余;1d组视网膜神经节细胞肿胀,神经纤维水肿加重;3d组视网膜神经节细胞胞周空隙增大,胞体缩小,胞核偏位;7d组大部分视网膜神经节细胞萎缩、死亡,细胞核固缩;14d组视网膜神经节细胞数量明显减少;28d组仅有极少量视网膜神经节细胞存在,神经纤维层明显变薄萎缩。电镜下观察,与对照组相比,视网膜神经节细胞线粒体RD后6h组即出现肿胀,嵴变短;14d组肿胀线粒体破裂,数量减少;28d组细胞固缩,难以找到线粒体;RD后视网膜微血管光镜下未见明显改变,但电镜下显示损伤明显。主要表现在基底膜逐渐肿胀、增厚,形态不规则;另外,血管内皮细胞、周细胞内出现空泡,线粒体肿胀、嵴变短甚至空泡样变。结论随着RD时间的延长,视网膜微血管基底膜逐渐增厚、视网膜神经节细胞缺氧性损伤逐渐加重,可能是RD后视功能损伤机制之一。Objective To investigate the morphological changes of retinal ganglion cells and microvessels after retinal detachment （RD）,and probe into the mechanisms of visual impairment.Methods RD models of 36 pigment rabbits were established by injecting hyaluronidase （10 U·mL-1） into the vitreous cavity of left eye,aspirating liquified vitreous and striking retina with stream of liquefied vitreous.The right eye was set as control group.Routine light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the retinal changes of the models at 6 hours,1 days,3 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days after RD.Results Under the light microscope,the 6 hours model group showed slight swelling of the cell body,lightly stained plasma,Nissl body missing in the central part but remaining in the periphery of the cell body in ganglion cells;In the 1 day model group,the ganglion cells were swollen,and the edema of retinal fiber was great;In the 3 days model group,the pericellular space enlarged,and the cell body diminished,the nucleus shifted eccentrically;In the 7 days model group,some ganglion cells shrinked and disappeared,and nuclei were pyknotic;In the 28 days model group,the quantity of ganglion cells decreased notably.Ultrastructurally,in the 6 hours model group,mitochondria were swollen and their cristae shortened in ganglion cells;In the 7 days model group,mitochondria were broken and reduced in number;In the 28 days model group,there was pycnosis and few mitochondria could be found in ganglion cells.Obvious changes of microvessels could not be found under light microscope,but electronmicroscopically microvascular damages were marked.It was shown especially in irregular shape,swelling and thickening of the basement membrane;in addition,vacuoles,swollen mitochondria with shortened cristae were found in endothelial cells and pericytes.Conclusion The severity of hypoxic damages of ganglion cell progresses with prolongation of RD,and pathological changes of retinal microvessels aggravate gradually,especially thickeni

关 键 词：视网膜脱离 神经节细胞 微血管 视功能损伤 

分 类 号：R775[医药卫生—眼科]