珠江河口区罗非鱼养殖池塘中浮游微藻的群落特征  

The Community Characteristics of Planktonic Microalgae in Tilapai's Culture Ponds Near the Pearl River Estuary

作　　者：彭聪聪[1] 李卓佳[1] 曹煜成[1] 文国樑[1] 刘孝竹[1] 胡晓娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第10期2019-2030,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：现代农业(虾)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-47);国家自然科学基金(30800851);广东省鱼病防治专项(2130108);南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研专项(2010YD05)

摘　　要：2009年5月至11月,在广州市番禺区海鸥岛对6口罗非鱼河口养殖池塘的微藻群落结构和水质因子进行定期采样分析,共检出微藻7门157种,其中绿藻67种,蓝藻34种,硅藻18种,甲藻5种,隐藻3种,裸藻28种,金藻2种。各池微藻优势种种类丰富,但不同门类优势种单胞体积差异较大,其中:数量优势种多为蓝藻类的威利颤藻、点形平裂藻、褐色念珠藻、圆胞束球藻、坚实微囊藻、不定微囊藻等和绿藻类的蛋白核小球藻、镰形纤维藻、空星藻等;生物量优势种多为裸藻类的鱼形裸藻、秋鳞孔藻、琵鹭扁裸藻、扭曲扁裸藻、糙膜陀螺藻和甲藻类的加顿多甲藻、多纹膝沟藻以及隐藻类的啮蚀隐藻、具尾蓝隐藻等;卷曲螺旋藻既是数量优势种又是生物量优势种。微藻数量和生物量在养殖前中期增加较快,物种多样性丰富,后期多呈较低水平,物种多样性也逐渐下降。养殖前中期各池微藻数量范围为(0.59～72.85)×107ind·L-1,生物量范围为1.12～114.14mg·L-1,多样性指数平均为2.98;养殖后期微藻数量范围为(16.29～67.37)×107ind·L-1,生物量范围为6.57～67.76mg·L-1,多样性指数平均为2.78。各池微藻数量或生物量多与COD、DIN等营养因子呈显著正相关关系。罗非鱼也可通过滤食作用有效影响池塘微藻群落结构和水质因子的变动。The continual and regular surveys on the planktonic microalgae community were conducted in six Tilapia＇s culture ponds in Panyu District,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province from May to November,2009.The results showed that a total of 157 planktonic microalgae species were identified during the culture period.Among them,67 species were Chlorophyta,34 were Cyanophyta,18 were Bacillariophyta,5 were Dinophyta,3 were Cryptophyta,28 were Euglenophyta,2 were Chrysophyta.The dominant species in every ponds were rich but composition was complex,and there were large differences among the cell volume of the different dominant species.The dominant species which take the advantage of the microalgae＇s density were Oscillatoria willei,Merismopedia punctata,Nostoc fuscescens,Gomphosphaeria aponina,Microcystis firma,Microcystis incerta,Chlorella pyrenoidosa,Ankistrodesmus falcatus,Coelastrum sphaericum and so on.Moreover,the dominant species which just take the advantage of the microalgae＇s biomass were Euglena pisciformis,Lepocinclis autumnalis,Phacus platalea,Phacus tortus,Strombomonas schauinslandii,Peridinium gatunense,Gonyaulax polygramma,Cryptomonas ovata,Chroomonas caudata and so on.Spirulina spirulinoides was not only the dominant species in number but also in biomass.In the early and middle period,the microalgae density and biomass increased rapidly.Moreover,the microalgae diversity was rich and the community was stable.But in the latter,most of them were often lower.During the early and middle culture period,the range of the quantities of microalgae,the biomass and the diversity index average were（0.59～72.85）×10 7 ind·L^-1,1.12～114.14 mg·L^-1,and 2.98,respectively.However,in the final phase,the microalgae density,the biomass and the diversity index average ranged from（16.29～67.37）×10 7 ind·L^-1,6.57～67.76 mg·L^-1,and 2.78.The microalgae density and biomass in ponds usually appeared significant positive correlation with some environmental factors,such as COD,DIN,etc.Tilapia could also effectively inf

关 键 词：罗非鱼 珠江河口区 养殖池塘 浮游微藻 群落 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]