不同海拔梯度上地膜覆盖和不同肥力水平对马铃薯的影响  

Effect of Plastic Film Mulching at Different Altitudinal Gradient and Different Fertility Levels on Potatoes

作　　者：朱江[1] 艾训儒[1] 易咏梅[1] 王柏泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北民族学院 生物科学与技术学院,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《湖北民族学院学报（自然科学版）》2012年第3期330-334,共5页Journal of Hubei Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题项目"农田水分生产潜力及适度开发研究"(2006BAD29B01)

摘　　要：对不同海拔梯度上地膜覆盖和不同肥力水平的马铃薯物候期、农艺性状(出苗率、苗高、开花率)及产量进行了研究.结果表明:地膜覆盖可使马铃薯在低、中、高山地区较未覆膜分别提前5、8和10 d成熟;不同海拔梯度比较,随海拔升高各物候期推迟,中山、高山地区分别比低山地区成熟时间推迟3和12 d.在低、中和高山区对马铃薯出苗率促进作用分别为15.6%、27.9%和66.7%,对苗高增长的促进作用分别为4.8、5.0和5.2 cm,同时在一定程度上有利于马铃薯营养生长,延迟进入生殖生长的开花阶段;对马铃薯的增产效果最理想的是中山地区,平均增产1 369.5 kg/hm^2,高山地区平均增产850.5 kg/hm^2,而低山地区不理想.施肥水平对马铃薯出苗率和苗高的影响不显著;对马铃薯产量的影响明显,低山和中山地区中肥水平产量最高,而高山地区高肥水平产量最高.Plastic film mulching and different fertility levels on phonological - phase,agronomical character （emergence rate,seeding height and flowering rate） and yield of potato along an altitude gradient were studied.The results showed that mulching could make potatoes matured for 5,8 and 10 d earlier respectively in the low,medium and high mountain areas.With the increasing altitude the phonologicalphase of potatoes on medium and high mountain areas delay respectively for 3 and 12 d,compared with the low mountain region.Mulching in low,medium and high mountain regions promotes the emergence rate respectively by 15.6%,27.9%and 66.7%,and heightens the seeding height each by 4.8,5.0 and 5. 2 cm.Besides,mulching is conducive to vegetative growth and postpones the flowering stage of reproductive growth.The best field for the yield increase of potato is the medium mountain area,with an average increase of 1 369.5 kg/hm^2 in yield while 850.5 kg/hm^2 on the high mountain areas,but the effect is not ideal on the low areas.The impact of fertilization level on the emergence rate and seeding height is not significant,but remarkable on yield.in the low and medium mountain areas,the medium fertility level can result in the highest yield while in the high areas,the yield is the highest at high fertility level.

关 键 词：海拔梯度 地膜覆盖 肥力水平 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]