小眼球无眼球致眶发育畸形研究与治疗  

General Introduction to Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia Therapies

作　　者：金鹤[1] 刘菁[1] 杨蓓蕾[2] 鲁玮瑗[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院,北京100069 [2]首都医科大学生物医学工程学院,北京100069

出　　处：《科技导报》2012年第30期76-79,共4页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900288);北京市高校人才强教计划(PHR20100898);首都医科大学基础-临床科研合作基金项目(2009JL06)

摘　　要：目前,眼科临床中常见儿童因一只眼为小眼球或无眼球,缺乏有效的眼球刺激,导致患者患侧眼眶、眼睑和颌面部发育较健侧迟滞。如不及时在发育期进行有效的早期干预,将导致严重的面部发育畸形,影响美观,给患者带来生理上和心理上的负面影响。目前,临床上常采用眶内植入义眼台方法,刺激患侧眶面部,从而达到患侧面部与正常面部同步发育的目标。由于不同年龄段儿童的眶面部骨骼发育速度不同,通常采用分年龄段的治疗原则。在骨骼的快速发育期需要植入可膨胀的义眼台。如何控制可膨胀义眼台的膨胀速率从而减少手术次数,降低义眼台移位、损坏、暴露和手术感染等问题,一直是临床上关注的重点。本文概述了当前针对患侧眼眶,尤其在儿童眼眶发育期所开展的早期干预治疗状况,以及眶内植入材料的研究进展。Congenital microphthalmia or anophthalmia are the rare disease. It might relate to gene and environment. At the clinical ophthalmology, due to the lack of effective eyeball stimulation, the growth of the orbit, eyelid, and maxillofacial in the sick side of children with anophthalmia or microphthalmia would lag behind the healthy side. If the effective intervention is not taken in the period of orbital- bone growth, it could cause severe facial malformations. It would have a bad impact on the beauty for sure. These children would suffer great negative effects cause by the deformity. How to dynamically take effective measures to stimulate the orbit in the sick side and let it grow along with the healthy side has long been a concerned problem in the clinic. During the fast development period of facial bone, putting inflatable tissue expander into the orbit is a good choice for the young children. It is able to reduce the number of operations. For adults and children above five years old, the size of the tissue expander could be fixed. In the process of tissue expander usage, many problems might appear, such as infection and exposure of the tissue expander. To solve these problems, many scientists are devoted to find the new material of tissue expander and operation method. The current domestic and foreign research and treatment progresses, especially during the period of children＇s orbital-bone growth, and the application status of orbital implant materials are summarized.

关 键 词：小眼球 无眼球 眶畸形 眶内植入材料 

分 类 号：R779.64[医药卫生—眼科]