民族主义旗号下的多方政争：华盛顿会议期间的国民外交运动  

A Many-sided Political Struggle under the Banner of Nationalism: The National Diplomacy Movement during the Washington Conference

作　　者：马建标[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系讲师,上海200433

出　　处：《历史研究》2012年第5期109-127,191,共19页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部2011年度青年基金项目(11YJC770039)的中期成果;复旦大学中国现代化进程研究中心教育部基地项目“中国现代化进程中的对外关系”(08JJD770091)

摘　　要：华盛顿会议期间的国民外交运动是一场复杂的民族运动,大体有四种政治力量参与其间,即北京政府、广州政府、"在野派系"和精英团体。在野派系借助国民外交运动之名,暗行"倒阁运动"之实。在内政与外交"实已打成一片"的时代语境下,全国国民外交大会自然沦为政争的工具,这不仅是南北之争的结果,更是北方派系斗争的产物。虽同属"政争",但南北之争有为主义而争的"新旧之别",而北方派系之争和府院之争"形似政争",所争者实非政治问题,而是利益之争。这场民族运动有两个政治目标:外争主权,内求统一。南北双方的民族主义立场没有本质差异,但在政权问题上,彼此都想统一对方,因而在政治竞争中有意识地运用民族主义。The National Diplomacy Movement during the Washington Conference was a complex national movement in which some four political forces took part: the government in Beijing, the government in Guangzhou, 'the opposition factions' and the elite group. The opposition factions made use of the movement to 'bring down the cabinet'. In the context of the 'intermingling' of domestic and foreign affairs, the National Diplomacy Conference naturally became a tool for political struggle. This was less the result of the North-South dispute and more the product of factional struggle in the Northern government. Although both struggles were political, the former was an ideological struggle between old and new, while the Northern factional struggle and the dispute between the presidency and the cabinet 'looked like political disputes', but in fact involved interests rather than political issues. The national movement had two political objectives: external sovereignty and internal unification. Although there was no substantial difference between the Northern and the Southern governments in terms of their nationalist standpoint, on the question of political power, each wanted to be the unifier, and thus they deliberately made use of nationalism in their political competition.

关 键 词：华盛顿会议 国民外交 北京政府 广州政府 旧交通系 

分 类 号：K261[历史地理—历史学] D829[历史地理—中国史]