土壤N_2O和NO产生机制研究进展  

Mechanisms of Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide Production in Soils: A Review

作　　者：蔡延江[1,2] 丁维新[1] 项剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室(中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所),成都610041

出　　处：《土壤》2012年第5期712-718,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971134);中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-439)资助

摘　　要：N2O和NO是大气中两种重要的活性氮气体,强烈影响着全球变化和生态环境。土壤是N2O和NO的重要排放源,生物和非生物途径均可产生N2O和NO。本文详细论述了自养硝化、异养硝化、生物反硝化、化学反硝化、硝化细菌反硝化和硝态氮异化还原成铵作用产生N2O和(或)NO的机制,并对研究中存在的一些问题进行了探讨。N2O and NO are two important reactive nitrogen gases in the atmosphere, which have a strong influence on the global change and ecological environment. Soil is a significant source of N2O and NO and their production in soils involving both biotic and abiotic processes. This paper summarized six main mechanisms of N2Oand/or NO production in soils, including autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, microbial denitrification, chemodenitrification, nitrifier denitrifieation and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Some of the previous research results were also discussed and the perspectives for further study were put forward.

关 键 词：氧化亚氮:一氧化氮 硝化作用 反硝化作用 温室气体 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X131.3