黑河中游土地生态价值及生态风险动态研究——以甘肃省民乐县为例  

Changes of Land Ecosystem Value and Ecological Risk in Middle Reaches of Heihe River——A Case Study in Minle County of Gansu Province

作　　者：宫继萍[1] 石培基[1] 杨雪梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤》2012年第5期846-852,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971078)资助

摘　　要：生态系统服务的价值评估是可持续发展评估研究的关键内容和焦点。甘肃省民乐县位于黑河中游,水资源贫乏,土地利用/覆被变化剧烈且具有独特的区域特征。为此基于GIS软件,参考Costanza生态系统服务价值计算方法和中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表,研究了民乐县1996—2009年土地利用、生态服务价值及土地生态风险指数变化。研究结果表明:①耕地、林地、草地是研究区土地利用变化的重点。总趋势为耕地、草地和未利用地的面积减少,林地和建筑用地的面积显著增加。这一变化直接影响到生态服务价值的变化。②近13年来,生态系统服务价值减少了12.01%。2009年民乐县提供的生态服务仍然以土壤形成与保护为主,其次是生物多样性保护、废物处理、气体调节、水源涵养和气侯调节,而原材料、食物生产和娱乐文化功能比较弱。③各项生态系统服务价值对生态价值系数的敏感性指数均小于1,说明研究区内的生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,研究结果可信。④生态服务价值与生态风险的研究结果相互印证。The valuation of ecosystem services has become one of the key elements and the focuses of sustainable development. Minle County of Ganshu Province located in the middle reaches of Heihe River, water shortage and land use / cover change have dramatic and unique regional characteristics. Based on GIS, according to the method of calculating the value of ecosystem services by Costanza and the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value per unit area tables, the land use change, ecosystem service value and ecological risk index in the study area during 1996-2009 were analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Land use pattern had changed dramatically from 1996 to 2009. Farmland, woodland and grassland land change were the focus of the study area. The general tendency was that the areas of farmland, grassland and unused land decreased, while the area of the woodland and the construction land significantly increased. This change had a direct impact on the eco-changes in service value. 2） The ecosystem service value across the study area reduced by 12.01% over the past 13 years. The ecosystem service value which provided by Minle in 2009 was still kept on maintaining soil formation and protection as major pattem, biodiversity protection, waste treatment, gas regulation, water supply and climate regulation were relatively weak. 3） The sensitivity analysis showed that the ecosystem service value （ESV） lacked of flexibility, indicating that the results of ecosystem service value evaluation were reliable. 4） Research results from study on ecosystem service value and ecological risk index proved it credible that the environment here was improved from 1996 to 2009.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 生态系统服务价值 生态风险 民乐县 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]