福建安溪不同年限茶树土壤养分与微生物Biolog功能多样性的差异分析  

Analysis of nutrient and microbial Biolog function diversity in tea soils with different planting years in Fujian Anxi

作　　者：林生[1,2] 庄家强[2] 陈婷[1,2] 张爱加[2] 周明明[2] 林文雄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学农业生态研究所,福州350002

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第11期1471-1477,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：福建省教育厅重点项目(JA11075)资助

摘　　要：茶园提早衰老退化是制约茶叶经济效益的一个关键性问题。以1年生、6年生与20年生茶树土壤为研究对象,对不同年限的茶树土壤养分与微生物多样性进行研究。结果表明:根据《茶叶产地环境技术条件》(NY/T8 53—2004)的pH和各项肥力指标,1年生茶树土壤的pH为4.73,处于Ⅱ级水平,6年生茶树土壤的pH为4.41,接近Ⅱ级水平,都符合优质、高效、高产茶园土壤的酸碱指标;20年生茶树土壤pH为4.15,接近4.0,呈酸化。6年生茶树土壤的有机质、碱解氮和速效磷都达到肥力Ⅰ级,速效钾处于肥力Ⅲ级,整体肥力水平最好;1年生茶树土壤的速效磷丰富,达到肥力Ⅰ级,碱解氮达到肥力Ⅱ级,有机质和速效钾处于肥力Ⅲ级,肥力处于中等水平;20年生茶树土壤的有机质达到肥力Ⅱ级,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾都处于肥力Ⅲ级,整体肥力水平最差。基于Biolog平板法的微生物功能多样性研究表明,6年生茶树土壤的微生物群落利用碳源的能力最好,20年生茶树土壤微生物对6类碳源的利用程度都不高,1年生茶树土壤微生物对6类碳源的利用处于中等水平。多样性指数分析表明,6年生茶树土壤微生物群落的Shannon、Brillouin、均匀度、丰富度指数均最高;20年生茶树土壤最低。总之,与6年生和1年生茶树土壤相比,20年生茶树土壤呈现较强酸化,有机质含量比6年生茶树土壤下降47.81%,微生物群落的生理活性最低,生理功能多样性急剧减少。Premature aging and degradation of tea gardens have been critical issues limiting the economic development of tea industry.Nutrient and microbial diversity in tea garden soils with different planting years were studied.The study was based on pH and fertility indexes of tea producing environmental conditions（NY/T8 53—2004）.Soil pH of 1-year-old tea was 4.73,which was at grade Ⅱ level.Also soil pH of 6-year-old tea was 4.41,close to grade Ⅱ.Both these grades conformed to acid-base indicators for high quality tea garden soils.The soil pH of 20-year-old tea was 4.15（less than 4.5 but close to 4.0） and therefore identified as acidic.Organic matter,available N（nitrogen） and available P（phosphorus） in the 6-year-old tea soil were respectively at fertility gradeⅠ level.That of available K（potassium） was at grade Ⅲ level.Available P was abundant in the 1-year-old tea soil,which was at grade Ⅰlevel.While available N was at grade Ⅱ,organic matter and available K were at grade Ⅲ level.In the 20-year-old tea soil,organic matter reached grade Ⅱ and available N,P and K reached grade Ⅲ.While the 6-year-old tea soil fertility was the best,1-year-old tea soil fertility was medium and then the 20-year-old tea soil fertility was the worst.Biolog analysis showed that the ability of microbial flora to use six kinds of carbon sources was highest in the 6-year-old tea soil.It was lowest in the 20-year-old tea soil.Microbial utilization of six kinds of carbon sources in the 1-year-old tea soil was moderate.Community diversity indexes analysis showed that the Shannon index,Brillouin index,homogeneity index and richness index of the 6-year-old tea soil were the highest.These indexes were worst in the 20-year-old tea soil.Compared with the 6-and 1-year-old tea soils,the 20-year-old tea soil presented the strongest acidification.Organic matter in the 20-year-old tea soil was 47.81% less than that in the 6-year-old tea soil.Physiological activity of the 20-year-old tea soil microbes was the lowest,which

关 键 词：茶树 根部土壤 微生物群落 土壤肥力 BIOLOG 微生物功能多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]