云冈石窟建造特征与水患的关系  

The relationship between constructive characteristics and moisture induced diseases of Yungang Grottoes

作　　者：任建光 王旭升[2] 黄继忠[3] 张俊芳[4] 

机构地区：[1]云冈石窟研究院,山西大同037007 [2]中国地质大学,北京10083 [3]山西省文物局,太原030001 [4]山西大同大学,山西大同037009

出　　处：《工程勘察》2012年第11期17-21,共5页Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目课题(编号:2009BAK53B01和2009BAK53B02)

摘　　要：防治水患是云冈石窟文物保护的重要措施,而水患的形成与石窟文物本身的建造特征具有很大的关系。云冈石窟依据古代风水理论进行选址规划,使其必然受到多种水源的侵袭。洞窟与入渗水、凝结水和地下水相互作用的特征取决于石窟的结构形式、规模、配套建筑物和石雕的造型工艺。采用修建窟檐和室内空气除湿的办法,可以提高窟内水汽环境的稳定性,减少凝结水和冻结过程产生的风化损害。Preventing and controlling moisture induced diseases is an important cure to protect the culture relics in Yungang Grottoes whereas the moisture problem also depends on the constructive characteristics of the grottoes itself.It is a natural result that the grottoes are under disturbance from multi-water sources because choice of the location and design of the construction are determined following the classic geomantic theory.Interactions between the grottoes and infiltration water,condensation water and groundwater are influenced by the shape,scale and accessorial structures of the grottoes as well as the carven arts.Using door eaves and air drying devices,the inner water-vapor environment can be kept in a more steady state,so that the damage of the culture relics induced by condensation water and frozen-thaw process can be reduced.

关 键 词：石质文物 水患 建造特征 凝结水 云冈石窟 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]