黄土高原南部作物水肥产量效应的田间研究  

THE FIELD EXPERIMENTS ON THE FIELD-RESPONCE OF CROPS TO WATER AND FERTILITY IN THE SOUTH OF THE LOESS PLATEAU

作　　者：李玉山[1] 张孝中[1] 郭民航 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北水土保持研究所

出　　处：《土壤学报》1990年第1期1-7,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：本文采用田间试验和统计分析方法定量地研究了黄土高原南部典型旱作农田的水肥效应,得出了小麦和玉米在试验年份的水分满足程度和农田水分供需平衡过程。指出,影响该区当前作物产量提高的主要限制因素是肥力,而不是水分。本文再次明确指出土壤水库在旱农条件下作物供水调节中的不可替代作用。根据全生育期中土水势剖面的变化再次提出低土水势水分的较高有效性问题。本工作所取得的结论对发展黄土高原南部旱作农业是极为重要的。The field experiments were conducted on dryland of Changwu high-land in 1985 and 1986.Grain yield, water requirements and consumptions for wheat and corn, the changes in moisture storage down to a depth of 2—3m. were measured. Data of field experiments showed that there was insignificant difference at 5 per cent level for grain yield among different treatments of water supply and there was extreme significance at 1 per cent level among different tretments of fertilization under any level of water supply. It can be concluded that the balance between requirement and supply of water has been approxmately reached in the experimental region and the primary constraint for crop yield at present is poor fertility, not water deficit.Analysis of water balance on cropland showed that satisfection ratio of water supply was 90.4—100% for wheat and 83.7—100% for corn in experimental years. Water supply of 200 mm to wheat was from soil water storage over whole growing period and more than 200 mm to corn in the period of summer drought or autumn drought. The change of soil moisture in soil profile down to a depth of 3 m. at harvesting period were studied. lt seems that soil moisture higher than permanent wilting percentage is readily available.

关 键 词：黄土高原 作物 水 肥料 产量 效应 

分 类 号：S506.2[农业科学—作物学] S507.1