精确施氮对苏玉20产量及群体质量的影响  

Effect of precise and quantitative nitrogen application on grain yield and population quality of summer maize cultivar Suyu 20

作　　者：景立权[1] 袁建华[2] 刘萍[3] 赵福成[1,4] 闫发宝[1] 王鑫[1] 王德成[1] 陆大雷[1] 陆卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]扬州环境资源职业技术学院园艺系,江苏扬州225127 [4]浙江省东阳玉米研究所,浙江东阳322100

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2012年第3期63-68,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30971731;31000684);江苏省农业三项工程项目[SX(2010)086]

摘　　要：为探明玉米超高产(≥13 500kg.hm-2)群体在本地的形成规律,以苏玉20为试材,通过不同的施氮水平及3:6:1的基肥、穗肥、粒肥施氮方案的试验,实现籽粒最高产量15 663.4kg.hm-2的目标。苏玉20超高产群体形成的规律为:促开花期有较大的LAI(达到7.0以上),并减缓灌浆期LAI下降速率,同时提高粒叶比;加大吐丝期干物质积累量和灌浆前期干物质积累速率,以促使整个生育期内总干物质积累量达到30 000kg.hm-2以上;减缓灌浆期净光合速率下降到40%以下。精确施氮可有效调节超高产群体质量,增加总粒数,进而提高产量。苏玉20籽粒产量(y)与施氮量(x)的关系为y=-0.472 1x2+430.79x-83 670(R2=0.985 6),其最佳施氮量、超高产施氮范围分别为456.2、407.9～504.6kg.hm-2。Establishment of a population with high quality is an important prerequisite to achieve high grain yield. Precise and quantitative nitrogen（N） application is one of the most important praetiees in maize（Zea mays L. ） production and plays a critical role in regulation of population quality. To understand the effect of N application on population quality of super-high yield hybrid maize, we planted one maize cultivar currently, Suyu 20, treated with different N application levels, and the ratio of base fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, granular fertilizer is 3 ： 6 ： 1. The grain yield could reach 15 663.4 kg · hm-2. The conditions for super high-yield of Suyu 20 maize was as follows： bigger LAI （more than 7.0） grain-leaf ratio in flowering stage, slower rate of decreasing LAI and photosynthetic rate during filling stage, higher total kernel number and the dry matter accumulation during grain filling stage to ensure that the total dry matter accumulation quantity during the whole growth period reaches 30 000 kg · hm-2 , lower rate of photosynthetic decline by less than 40%. Precise and quantitative N application can regulate population quality effectively, and consequently increase grain yield. The relationship between grain yield （y） and applied N amount （x） could be described by the regression equation; y=-0. 472 lx2 ＋430.79x-83 670 （R2=0. 985 6）. The optimum amount and the optimum range of N fertilizer for high-yield were 456.2, 407.9-504.6 kg · hm-2 , respectively.

关 键 词：玉米 超高产 精确施氮 群体质量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]