富水断层隧道高位排水工法及其作用效果研究  

Study of method and effect of high-position drainage of tunnel in water-rich fault

作　　者：张志强[1] 何本国[1] 王志杰[1] 李化云[1] 刘赟君[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通隧道工程教育部重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《岩土力学》2012年第11期3359-3366,共8页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51278427);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(No.NCET-10-0667);铁道部科技研究开发重大项目(No.2009G020-B-1);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(No.SWJTU11ZT33);教育部创新团队发展计划资助(No.IRT0955)

摘　　要：大相岭隧道富水断层区段极易引起突水、突泥现象,具有很大施工风险,高位排水能够有效降低掌子面前方高水压力积聚程度。基于现场实测和动态流-固耦合数值力学方法,研究不同水位条件下高位排水工法与隧道稳定性之间关系,提出最优高位排水管分布方案。研究得出:大相岭隧道F6断层水压最高达到1.98 MPa,排水后可实现安全施工,衬砌背后水压降低至10 m左右,因此,防涌突水主要集中在掌子面开挖期;拱顶排水管排水量最大,越靠近拱脚的位置排水能力越差,从拱顶到拱脚呈下降趋势,应使拱顶附近排水管密度大于拱脚附近;实际施工中为更快达到均匀降水效果,应先对拱顶部位打设排水管,后对拱脚部位打设排水管;研究了排水管根数、排水量及掌子面挤出变形相互关系,从经济性和疏水加固效果出发,提出了排水管合理布置方法及建议参数,对富水断层隧道掌子面防突与塌方及运营隧道结构设计具有重要参考价值。The construction of Daxiang mountain tunnel in water-rich fault has great risks of causing water bursting and mud gushing easily.High-position drainage can reduce water pressure ahead of working face effectively.By using field test and numerical simulation,under different water-level conditions,the interrelation between method of high-position drainage and stability of tunnel is studied;and the optimal plan of arrangement of high-position drainage pipes is put forward.Studies show that： maximum water pressure of Daxiang mountain tunnel in fault is up to 1.98 MPa.The tunnel can be constructed securely after drainage and the maximum water head is only 10 meters.Therefore,prevention of water bursting is mainly concentrated in the period of tunnel face excavation.The drain volume of drain pipes at vault is maximum.The closer drain pipes and arch foot are,the more poor drainage capacity is;and the density of drain pipes at vault should be higher than that at arch foot.In actual construction,for faster to reach drain effect,drain pipes at vault should be first to arranged,then at arch foot.Interrelation between number of drain pipes,drain volume and extrusion deformation of tunnel face is studied.According to economy and effect of hydrophobic reinforcement,reasonable drainage scheme is put forward.

关 键 词：断层 富水 山岭隧道 高位排水 掌子面稳定性 

分 类 号：U455[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]