长角凤仙花(凤仙花科)的花器官发生和发育  

Floral Organogenesis and Development of Impatiens longicornuta(Balsaminaceae)

作　　者：蔡秀珍[1] 刘克明[1] 丛义艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院植物学系,长沙410081

出　　处：《植物研究》2012年第6期651-656,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20104306120008);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(10JJ4019);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(09C624)

摘　　要：以不同发育时期的长角凤仙花Impatiens longicornuta Y.L.Chen(凤仙花科Balsaminaceae)为材料,利用扫描电镜技术观察了其花器官的分化及其发育过程。长角凤仙花为两侧对称花,具2枚侧生萼片,唇瓣囊状,旗瓣具鸡冠状突起,雄蕊5枚,子房上位,5心皮5室。其花器官分化顺序为向心式,萼片—花瓣—雄蕊—雌蕊原基。2枚侧生萼片先发生,然后近轴萼片(即唇瓣)原基和2枚前外侧萼片原基近同时发生;但是这3枚萼片原基的发育不同步,远轴的2枚前外侧萼片原基的发育渐渐滞后,然后停止发育,最后渐渐为周围组织所吸收,直至消失不见。花瓣原基中,旗瓣原基最先发生,4个侧生花瓣原基相继成对发生,且之后在基部成对愈合形成翼瓣;5枚雄蕊原基几乎同时发生,5个心皮原基轮状同时发生。本文结果支持凤仙花属植物为5基数的花,并进一步证实了唇瓣的萼片来源;此外,研究结果表明花器官早期发育资料对植物系统与进化研究具有重要参考价值。In the present study, the floral morphology and development patterns of Impatiens longicornuta Y. L. Chen （Balsaminaceae） has been examined under the scanning electron microscope （SEM） for a better under- standing of floral evolution in the genus deeply saccate, abruptly constricted into an crista apically with a long five sepal primordial is not dium and two anterolateral L longicornuta is zygomorphic flower; lateral sepals 2; lower sepal incurved spur, mouth oblique, tip acuminate ; upper petal cueullate, cornu; stamens 5; ovary superior; gynoecium 5-carpellate, syncarpous. Initiation of consistent in order. The order of initiation is from two lateral sepals to adaxial primor- sepals . Their development is not synchronous also. The two anterolateral sepals stay rudimentary and disappear in later stages. The anterior petal arises firstly, and then the four lateral petal primor- dia are initiated in two successive pairs and fused at the base in later stages. Five stamen primordia initiate near- ly at the same time~ Five carpel primordia arise simultaneously in whorl The perianth of Impatiens is pentamer- ous and the standard is not petal but sepal actually. The floral organogenesis data of L longicornuta shows the im- portant systematic and evolutional significance.

关 键 词：凤仙花属 花器官发生 长角凤仙花 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]