实验性近视眼巩膜病理学与生物力学特性的改变  

Pathological and biomechanical changes of sclera in experimental myopia

作　　者：张新[1] 王超英[2] 李涛[2] 陈维毅[3] 郝兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第一医院眼科,河北省石家庄市050081 [2]白求恩国际和平医院眼科,河北省石家庄市050082 [3]太原理工大学生物力学研究所,山西省太原市030001

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2012年第11期1017-1020,共4页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

摘　　要：目的研究豚鼠实验性近视眼巩膜的病理学改变及生物力学特性的变化,探索近视发病机制。方法选用出生后2周龄的豚鼠39只,随机分为A、B、C3组,每组13只,选取任意一眼戴-10.00DS凹透镜诱导近视模型,对侧眼为自身对照眼。将3组豚鼠分别于10d、30d、50d后去除镜片、验光、测眼球长度,对巩膜做组织病理学观察及生物力学实验研究。结果 A组(10d)实验眼巩膜厚度、弹性膜量和蠕变率与对照眼相比,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。B组(30d)实验眼巩膜厚度(0.34±0.03)mm,低于对照眼巩膜厚度(0.36±0.03)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组实验眼巩膜蠕变率、弹性模量与对照眼相比,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。C组(50d)实验眼巩膜厚度、弹性膜量和蠕变率分别为(0.32±0.03)mm、(1.43±0.32)MPa和(17.70±6.98)%,与对照眼(0.37±0.02)mm、(1.74±0.32)MPa和(8.62±2.13)%相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论实验性近视眼巩膜的组织病理学改变早于生物力学特性的改变。实验性近视眼的巩膜弹性差,易发生变形,具有较低的承载能力。Objective To explore the pathogenesis of myopia by observing the pathological and biomechanical changes of sclera in guinea pig with experimental lensinduced myopia. Methods Thirty-nine two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly di- vided into group A,group B and group C, 13 cases in each group,one side of eye was randomly selected to wear - 10.00 DS concave lens,and the other one eye as self control. After 10 days,30 days and 50 days, the lenses were removed, respectively. The re- fraction and length of optic axis of guinea pigs eyeball were measured. The section of eyeballs was observed by light microscope. The sclera specimens were obtained and put to the test on the biomechanical machine. Results In group A（ 10 days）, the thick- ness,elastic modulus and creep rate of posterior sclera in experimental eye had no changes,there was no statistical difference compared with control eye（ all P 〉0.05 ）. In group B（30 days） ,the thickness of posterior sclera in experimental eyes was（0.34 ± 0. 03） mm,lower than that in control eye（0.35 ±0.03 ） mm,there was statistical difference （P 〈 0.05 ）, but for the elastic modulus and creep rate, there was no statistical difference between experimental eye and control eye （ all P 〉 0. 05 ）. In group C （ 50 days）, the thickness, elastic modulus and creep rate of posterior sclera in experimental eye were （0.32 ± 0.03 ） mm, （ 1.43 ± 0.32 ） MPa and （ 17.70± 6.98 ） % , while in control eye were （0.37 ± 0.02） mm, （ 1.74 ± 0.32 ） MPa and （ 8. 52 ±2.13 ） % , respectively, there were statistical differences （ all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Histopathological changes are earlier than biomechanical changes of the sclera in experimental myopia. The sclera in experimental myopic eyes has a lower load-bearing capacity than normal sclera and the eye is easily stretched out of shape.

关 键 词：近视 凹透镜诱导 生物力学 豚鼠 巩膜 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]