湖南大通湖河蟹池塘生态养殖模式对水质净化的试验研究  

Purification effect of the ecological culture pattern of Eriocheir sinensis on the water quality in Datong Lake,Hunan

作　　者：戴恒鑫[1] 马旭洲[1] 李应森[1] 王武[1] 朱欣云[1] 李祖军 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]湖南省益阳市大通湖天泓渔业有限公司,湖南益阳413000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2012年第5期89-94,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2011GA680001);农业部优质蟹种规模化繁育与养殖示范项目(nyhyzx07-045);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101)

摘　　要：为检验河蟹池塘生态养殖模式对渔业富营养化水体净化效果,于2011年4—9月(河蟹主要生长时期)对湖南大通湖河蟹生态养殖池塘进行调查监测。大通湖水源区常年肥水养鱼,TN、TP、CODMn等均超标,水体呈富营养化;河蟹生态养殖池塘TP等超标。9月底,河蟹生态养殖池塘中CODMn、TN、NH4+-N、NO2--N相对于水源区分别降低了56.5%、72.9%、66.6%、79.5%;而TP的质量浓度有所上升,增幅为83.3%。TP的上升与水源区水质、后期饲料投喂量增大和伊乐藻的衰亡有一定关系。总之,河蟹生态养殖池塘水质基本达到地表水环境质量标准中Ⅲ级标准和渔业水质标准的要求,且池塘中大量水生植物对N、P的吸收效果显著,池塘水质显著优于水源区。This paper is aimed at introducing our investigation of the purification effect on the ecological culture of Eriocheir sinensis on the water quality in Datong Lake, Hunan. Based on the spot investigation and analysis of the river crab eco-cultured from April to November in 2011, that is, the main growing period of the river crab, we have found that the water quality of the water resource in the lake area turned to be improved. As a matter of fact, the water source in the lake had long been below the third grade of the stipulated surface water quality standard for the lower indexes of the following factors： total nitrogen（TN）, ammonium-nitrogen（NH4＋-N）, total phosphorus（TP）, dissolved oxygen（DO） and chemical oxygen required by permanganate method（CODMn）. Since they began to cultivate high-density carp, chub and big head carp with throwing in a large amount of organic fertilizer, the main factors in the water of the river crab eco-culture ponds were found to be short of the standard indexes in total phosphorus（TP）, pH, and chemical oxygen required by permanganate method（CODMn）. By the end of September, the water quality factors were studied separately in the river crab eco-culture ponds reduced to 56.5%, 72.9%, 66.6%, and 79.5%. Those factors, such as chemical oxygen required by permanganate method（CODMn）, total nitrogen（TN）, ammonium-nitrogen（NH4＋-N） and nitrite（NO2--N）, as compared with the water source areas, except the total phosphorus（TP）, increased by 83.3%. Thus, we were convinced that there ought to exist a certain relation between the increase of total phosphorus（TP） and the water quality in the water source areas, and between the increasing feeding and the declining of Elodea canadensis. Thus, it can be concluded that in the river crab eco-culture ponds the water quality has come up to the third grade of the state stipulated surface water quality standard and the water quality standard for fish-culture. Moreover, the water quality in the above-ment

关 键 词：生态养殖学 河蟹 池塘 水质 净化 环境 水生植物 

分 类 号：X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S949[农业科学—水产养殖]