吸引和留住农村卫生人力的国际经验及启示  

International experiences and implications of attraction and retention of health workers in rural areas

作　　者：刘晓云[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中国卫生政策研究》2012年第10期33-38,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Policy

基　　金：北京大学医学部项目(BMU20110135)

摘　　要：农村地区缺少卫生人力资源是各国普遍面临的问题。本文在文献复习的基础上,利用已有研究证据,介绍和分析了教育类、强制性、经济激励性以及管理和支持性四大类干预措施的内容和效果。文章提出:(1)各国在选择干预措施时,应认真设计,选择适当的干预组合;(2)应该加强干预措施的监督和评估,从吸引、招募、留用以及卫生人力和卫生系统绩效四个维度对干预措施的效果进行系统的评估;(3)应该重视干预措施实施的背景和环境。在此基础上,本文讨论了国际经验对中国的启示,在目前条件下,经济激励性干预措施和教育类干预措施应该成为首要的政策选择,但最终要依靠缩小城乡差异来解决农村地区卫生人力短缺的问题。Shortage of human resources for health （HRH） is a common problem in many countries. This paper synthesizes existing evidence in literatures to review and analyze four types of interventions to solve this problem. These measures include： educational interventions, compulsory interventions, financial incentives, and management and supportive interventions. The paper raises that （ 1 ） careful design and justifications should be considered in the selection of effective bundles of interventions; （2） monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened in four dimensions, including attractiveness, recruitment, retention and performance of health workforce and health system; （3） context issues should be paid sufficient attention in selection and implementation of these interventions. These international experiences have potential implications for China. Financial incentives and educational interventions should be prioritized in China＇ s current policy context; but reducing the disparity between rural and urban areas remain the final solution to solve the problem of HRH shortage in rural areas.

关 键 词：卫生人力资源 吸引与稳定卫生人员 农村地区 干预措施 监督和评估 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]