Characterization of contamination, source and degradation of petroleum between upland and paddy fields based on geochemical characteristics and phospholipid fatty acids  

作　　者：Juan Zhang Renqing Wang Xiaoming Du Fasheng Li Jiulan Dai 

机构地区：[1]Environmental Research Institute,Shandong University,Ji'nan 250100,China [2]Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity,School of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Ji'nan 250100,China [3]Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology,Shandong University,Ji'nan 250100,China [4]Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beifing 100012,China

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》2012年第11期1995-2003,共9页环境科学学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2004CB418501);the Key Project of Environmental Protection Science of Shandong Province (No.2006007);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40801088/30970166)

摘　　要：To evaluate contamination caused by petroleum, surface soil samples were collected from both upland and paddy fields along the irrigation canals in the Hunpu wastewater irrigation region in northeast China. N-alkanes, terpanes, steranes, and phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） in the surface soil samples were analyzed. The aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration was highest in the samples obtained from the upland field near an operational oil well; it was lowest at I-3P where wastewater irrigation promoted the downward movement of hydrocarbons. The Hunpu region was found contaminated by heavy petroleum from oxic lacustrine fresh water or marine deltaic source rocks. Geochemical parameters also indicated significantly heavier contamination and degradation in the upland fields compared with the paddy fields. Principal component analysis based on PLFA showed various microbial communities between petroleum contaminated upland and paddy fields. Gram-negative bacteria indicated by 15：0, 3OH 12：0, and 16：1（9） were significantly higher in the paddy fields, whereas Gram-positive bacteria indicated by i16：0 and 18：1（9）c were significantly higher in the upland fields （p 〈 0.05）. These PLFAs were related to petroleum contamination. Poly-unsaturated PLFA （18：2ω6, 9; indicative of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria and fungi） was also significantly elevated in the upland fields. This paper recommends more sensitive indicators of contamination and degradation of petroleum in soil. The results also provide guidelines on soil pollution control and remediation in the Hunpu region and other similar regions.To evaluate contamination caused by petroleum, surface soil samples were collected from both upland and paddy fields along the irrigation canals in the Hunpu wastewater irrigation region in northeast China. N-alkanes, terpanes, steranes, and phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） in the surface soil samples were analyzed. The aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration was highest in the samples obtained from the upland field near an operational oil well; it was lowest at I-3P where wastewater irrigation promoted the downward movement of hydrocarbons. The Hunpu region was found contaminated by heavy petroleum from oxic lacustrine fresh water or marine deltaic source rocks. Geochemical parameters also indicated significantly heavier contamination and degradation in the upland fields compared with the paddy fields. Principal component analysis based on PLFA showed various microbial communities between petroleum contaminated upland and paddy fields. Gram-negative bacteria indicated by 15：0, 3OH 12：0, and 16：1（9） were significantly higher in the paddy fields, whereas Gram-positive bacteria indicated by i16：0 and 18：1（9）c were significantly higher in the upland fields （p 〈 0.05）. These PLFAs were related to petroleum contamination. Poly-unsaturated PLFA （18：2ω6, 9; indicative of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria and fungi） was also significantly elevated in the upland fields. This paper recommends more sensitive indicators of contamination and degradation of petroleum in soil. The results also provide guidelines on soil pollution control and remediation in the Hunpu region and other similar regions.

关 键 词：aliphatic hydrocarbons geochemical indices phospholipid fatty acids soil wastewater irrigation 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55