地形对澜沧江源区高寒草甸植物丰富度及其分布格局的影响  

Effects of topographic factors on the plant species richness and distribution pattern of alpine meadow in source region of Lancang River,Southwest China

作　　者：张昌顺[1] 谢高地[1] 包维楷[2] 陈龙[1,3] 裴厦[1] 范娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第11期2767-2774,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础性工作专项(2008FY110300);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(2012ZD007);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421106)资助

摘　　要：在澜沧江源区进行了大范围的植物群落调查,应用回归拟合和典范对应分析(CCA),研究地形因子(海拔、坡度、坡向和坡位)对高强度人为干扰和全球气候变化条件下源区高寒草甸植物物种丰富度及植物分布的影响。结果表明:(1)在55个样地275个1m×1m的小样方中,共出现150种植物,在1m2样方内物种数最多为27种,最少的仅为3种;(2)利用曲线方程进行拟合,物种丰富度分别与海拔和坡度有极显著的相关性,但与坡向和坡位没有显著的关系;(3)CCA第一轴基本上反映了植物群落所处环境的坡度的梯度变化,第二轴基本上反映了坡位的梯度变化,第三轴反映了地形因子的综合作用;(4)按影响程度大小,在高强度人为干扰和全球变化条件下,影响该区域高寒草甸植物种类组成和结构的地形因子从大至小依次为坡度、坡位、海拔和坡向,反映出坡度是影响源区高寒草甸水土条件的主要因子。A large-scale investigation was conducted on the plant communities in the source region of Lancang River,Southwest China,and curve fitting and canonical correspondence analysis（CCA） were adopted to explore the responses of plant species richness and distribution pattern of alpine meadow in this region to topographic factors（altitude,slope grade,slope aspect,and slope position） under high intensity human disturbances and climate change.A total of 150 plant species were recorded in 275 plots（1 m ×1 m） of 55 sampling sites,and the species number in the plots ranged from 3 to 27.Statistical analysis demonstrated that the plant species richness was highly significantly correlated to altitude and slope grade,but less correlated to slope aspect or slope position.The CCA axis 1 basically reflected the gradient variation of plant communities with slope grade,axis 2 reflected the gradient variation with slope position,whereas axis 3 reflected the combined effect of topographic factors.Under the high intensity human disturbances and climate change,the topographic factors affecting the plant species composition and structure of alpine meadow in this region ranked as slope grade slope position altitude slope aspect,suggesting that slope grade was the major factor affecting the water and soil conditions of alpine meadow in the source region of Lancang River.

关 键 词：澜沧江源区 高寒草甸 分布格局 物种丰富度 地形 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]