生态承载力研究和应用进展  

Research and application advances in ecological carrying capacity

作　　者：向芸芸[1] 蒙吉军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第11期2958-2965,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题(2012BAC16B04);国家自然科学基金项目(40871048)资助

摘　　要：生态承载力研究是解决资源-环境矛盾、实现区域可持续发展的重要基础,也是地理学、生态学和经济学关注的热点与前沿领域。本文在综述国内外相关研究成果的基础上,阐述了生态承载力的概念内涵,即对复合生态系统支持力和压力的表征;评述了常用的研究方法,即净初级生产力估测法、生态足迹法、供需平衡法、综合指标评价法和系统模型法;介绍了目前较为关注的流域、生态脆弱区、城市、农业区和旅游区生态承载力的研究进展;总结了目前生态承载力研究存在的缺乏科学完整的研究体系、阈值的生态学指示意义不明确、动态演化与预测研究不够深入、空间尺度与格局分异涉足较少等问题;并据此提出未来应在作用机理、模型构建和实践应用方面加强研究。The study of ecological carrying capacity is an important basis for the settlement of resource shortage and environment deterioration and the realization of regional sustainable development,and also,one of the hot spots in geography,ecology,and economics.After reviewing the related research achievements,this paper elucidated the connotation of ecological carrying capacity,i.e.,a representation of the supporting function and compressive stress of complex ecosystem,introduced the universal measuring methods of ecological carrying capacity,e.g.,net primary productivity（NPP）,ecological footprint（EF）,balance of supply and demand,evaluation with comprehensive indices,and systematic modeling,and presented the research progress in the ecological carrying capacity of the regions being more concerned,including watersheds,ecological fragile areas,cities,agricultural areas,and tourism areas.The deficiencies in current studies,such as the shortage of complete scientific research system,the ambiguity of threshold value＇s ecological meaning,the lack of time series study,and the absence of spatial pattern analysis,were summarized,and accordingly,the development trends in action mechanisms,model construction,and practical application were prospected.

关 键 词：生态承载力 研究方法 应用进展 展望 

分 类 号：X26[环境科学与工程—环境科学]