太阳能辅助沼气发酵装置设计与试验  

Design and Test of a Solar Aided Biogas Digestion Device

作　　者：崔卫芳[1] 张婷婷[2] 席建超[3] 杨改河[2] 冯永忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第11期2034-2038,共5页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目:"三江源移民安置区可持续发展关键技术研究与示范"(编号:2009BAC61B04)

摘　　要：为解决青藏高原地区气温低所带来的沼气池发酵物料温度低、沼气产气效率低等问题,充分利用该地区丰富的太阳能光热资源,本研究设计了一种以太阳能为辅助加热源的沼气发酵装置。结合当地气候条件,确定了该装置总体结构与关键部件设计选型,并进行了相关沼气发酵试验。试验结果表明,该装置能够实现在太阳辐射强度高、昼夜温差大的高原地区处于不同日照环境下的沼气发酵,能够使各种常用沼气发酵物在较为恒定温度下,产气时间缩短,较普通沼气池产气效率有所提高,增加了经济与使用效益。该装置的设计将为中国太阳能辅助沼气发酵装置的研发提供参考。As a renewable biomass-based energy source,biogas has the advantages that it has a widely available fuel source,no pollution and low cost.The biogas digester has great potential for use in Chinese rural areas.Temperature is a crucial factor in the running of a biogas digester,with a recommended temperature of 30℃.On the Tibetan Plateau,low ambient temperature cause rural household biogas digesters to run at very low temperatures.Low temperature brings a series of problems to anaerobic digesters,such as leavening freezing and low methane fermentation efficiency.However,there is an abundance of solar energy in this area.In order to solve these problems,we designed a biogas digestion device which uses solar energy as the auxiliary heating source.The device is based on 10m3 rural domestic biogas digesters currently used on the Tibetan Plateau.This paper outlines the local climate conditions,the design of the solar aided biogas digestion device,the overall structure and critical components of the device,and explains the working principles.The design of the solar collector system is based on fermentation dry gas production,fermentation broth gas production,fermentation broth heat absorption,aperture area and the setup requirements of the solar collector system.We then tested the biogas fermentation ability of this device in the Yushu area,Tibetan Plateau.The test results demonstrated its ability to produce methane in a region with high solar radiation intensity,large temperature differences between day and night,and under different levels of solar radiance.Gas production time was shortened by three or four times by keeping methane leavening at a constant temperature,which improved biogas production efficiency by 3.5 times.The device can increase economic and production efficiency compared to ordinary anaerobic digesters.The design of the device will provide reference for the research and development of solar aided biogas digestion devices in China.

关 键 词：太阳能 沼气 发酵 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]