公路隧道火灾安全疏散时间计算法的探讨与改进  

Exploring and Improving RSET Calculation Method in Road Tunnel Fire

作　　者：李伟平 徐永[2,3] 廖少明[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省交通规划设计研究院 [2]同济大学地下建筑与工程系,上海200092 [3]常州工程职业技术学院建筑工程技术系,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2012年第9期43-50,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(51078292);浙江省交通运输厅科技项目(2010H02);交通部钱江隧道科技项目(2009-353-333-340)

摘　　要：需用安全疏散时间(RSET)是火灾安全疏散设计的重要计算参数,当前公路隧道火灾疏散设计中的RSET主要沿用地面建筑火灾疏散计算理论加以确定,具有较大的局限性。针对公路隧道结构空间的特点,基于对疏散过程中逃生个体向通道口的聚集时间和通过通道口的疏散时间的计算分析,提出通道口人群堵塞的判据,推导出改进的RSET计算表达式。通过算例对比分析得出,改进的RSET法比传统法更接近计算机模拟结果,考虑的因素更全面,就低人群密度和高疏散流量情景而言,其对比优势更明显,更适用于公路隧道的火灾疏散计算。It was held that RSET is a important calculation parameter in fire safety evacuation design,and that the current calculation of RSET in road tunnel fire evacuation design mainly adopts the calculation theory of building fire,which is relatively unreasonable.Based on the spatial characteristic of road tunnel structure,the time gathering towards passageway gate and time evacuating from the gate of escaping individual were calculated and analyzed.Consequently a criterion for judging evacuation blockage was proposed,and a improved calculation method of RSET was worked out,which was applied in a calculation case for comparative analysis.Case analysis demonstrates that the improved method calculation results are closer to computer simulation results than that by traditional method,and that the method is more suited to the evacuation calculation of road tunnel,particularly to the situation of low crowd density and high evacuation flow rate.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 需用安全疏散时间(RSET) 通道堵塞判断模型 聚集流量 疏散流量 

分 类 号：X928.02[环境科学与工程—安全科学]