1～2岁幼儿依恋特征及有关影响因素的探讨  

Attachment characteristics and their interrelated factors during toddlers aged 1～2 years old

作　　者：张艳[1] 何守森[1,2] 丁丽丽[1] 王静[1] 周倩[1] 倪晨曦[1,2] 安祥美[1,2] 周亚平[1,2] 邹晓慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学附属省立医院妇产医院,山东济南250014 [2]山东省妇幼保健所,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2012年第11期995-997,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：山东省软科学计划项目基金(2011RKGB4009)

摘　　要：【目的】了解128名1～2岁幼儿依恋特征及母亲敏感性、气质等基本因素对其影响作用。【方法】采用陌生情境试验和现场观察对儿童依恋状况和儿童母亲敏感性进行测评,并由母亲填写家庭一般人口学资料和幼儿气质问卷。【结果】128名幼儿中,安全型依恋99人(77.3%),回避型24人(18.8%),抗拒型5人(3.9%),未发现混乱型。不同依恋类型儿童母亲的敏感性得分差异显著;趋避性、心境、持久性、注意分散等气质维度与儿童某些依恋行为呈现明显相关关系。【结论】济南市城区幼儿依恋安全型比例较高;母亲敏感性是影响儿童依恋重要因素之一;儿童气质对依恋类型不产生直接影响,但某些气质维度影响儿童特定情景下的依恋行为表现。[Objective] To explore the attachment characteristics and their interrelated factors include maternal sensi- tivity and children＇s temperament during 128 toddlers aged 1- 2 years old. [Methods] The strange situation procedure （SSP） and maternal sensitivity scales were performed to assess the characters of toddler attachment and maternal sensitivi- ties. And the families demographic data and toddler temperament scale were filled by their mothers. [Results] Among 128 infants, there were 99 secure-attachment, 24 avoidant-attachment, and 5 resistant-attachment, no disorganized- attach- ment. And there were significant differences of maternal sensitivities between toddler＇s attachment types. There were a significant correlation between the approach-withdrawal, persistence, mood and distractive dimension of toddler temperament and some attachment behavior such as the proximity,maintain contact and avoidance. [Conclusions] There is a higher ra- tio of secure attachment during 128 toddlers from Jinan city than in other studies. Maternal sensitivities play an imPortant role in child attachment development and the temperament doesn＇t impact the attachment types directly,but some tempera- ment dimension have some effect on toddlers behaviors at SSP.

关 键 词：依恋 影响因素 母亲敏感性 气质 幼儿 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]