即时网络心理咨询的过程-效果模型初探:对来访者的定性研究  

Exploration on process-outcome of instant online counseling model:A qualitative research on clients

作　　者：赵嘉路[1] 贾晓明[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学心理素质教育中心,北京100022 [2]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2012年第11期838-845,共8页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：科技部十一五国家科技支撑课题(2009BAI77B07)

摘　　要：目的:探索来访者在即时网络心理咨询过程中的主要转变,得出网络心理咨询的过程-效果模型。方法:选择3例即时网络心理咨询个案的来访者作为研究对象,对每位来访者在咨询初期、中期、结束进行过程访谈,采用共识性质性研究方法对访谈文本资料的进行分析。结果:即时网络心理咨询的过程-效果主要体现在来访者卷入(咨询初期)、治疗关系(咨询中期)、把咨询经验应用到生活(结束阶段)3个方面。来访者卷入的变化主要体现在对咨询的专注度、对设置的遵守、来访者自我表露、对咨询的关注点在咨询过程中的变化;咨询关系的变化主要体现在来访者的开放性、对咨询师的信任、咨询关系的平等性、被理解的感觉在过程阶段中的变化;来访者将咨询中获得的经验运用到生活中主要体现在情感情绪、行为、认知层面在过程阶段中的变化。结论:即时网络心理咨询过程-效果在转变内容和转变过程与面询相比有其特点:来访者卷入过程呈现初期更快更深,结束阶段反而停滞的特点,且受多任务操作的影响;咨询关系过程呈现倒U型发展模式,且受网络沟通方式如文字语言、网名、个性签名等的影响。Objective： To explore the major changes of clients in the process of instant online counseling, and to conclude a process-outcome model of the instant online counseling. Methods： Three instant online counseling clients were selected and interviewed at each stage of early, middle, and end. The text data from the interviews were ana- lyzed based on consensual qualitative research. Results： The process and outcome of instant online counseling main- ly reflected the changes at the 3 levels, including the client＇s involvement, counseling relationship and consulting ex- perience applied to the life. The changes of clients＇involvement mainly reflected in the 4 aspects, including attention rate of counseling, complying the settings, self-disclosure of client and the concern of counseling. The changes of counseling relationship mainly reflected in the 4 aspects, namely client＇s openness, the counselors＇sense of trust, the equality of consulting relationship and the feeling of being understood. The application of the counseling experience to the life mainly reflected in emotion, behavior and cognition. Conclusion： The process-outcome of the instant on- line counseling has its characteristics compared to face to face counseling in the process of transformation and its contents. The clients may present a faster and deeper involvement in counseling at early stage, while the involvement may appear to reflect a stagnation with the multitask operation. The process of counseling relationship may present an inverted U＇ type pattern and be related to the ways of internet communication, such as languages and words, screen names, and personal signatures.

关 键 词：即时网络心理咨询 过程-效果 定性研究 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]