铜藻受精卵的早期发生与幼孢子体发育观察  

Observations on embryology of zygotes and early development of juvenile sporophytes in Sargassum horneri

作　　者：张婧[1] 严兴洪[1] 章守宇[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2012年第11期1706-1716,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家海洋局公益专项(201105008;201105023);国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2012AA10A411);国家自然科学基金项目(31072208);农业部公益性专项(200903030);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2011GB2C000005);上海市科委重点科技攻关项目(10391901100)

摘　　要：通过室内培养，观察了铜藻受精卵的发生与幼孢子体发育，研究了幼孢子体的适宜培养条件，为全人工育苗奠定理论基础。结果表明，铜藻雌性生殖托的基部和中部首先集中排卵，卵子粘附于生殖托表面完成受精和早期发生。刚释放的卵子具有8个核，受精后，8个核迅速融合成1个大核，开始细胞分裂。前二次的细胞分裂均为横裂，在萌发体的一端产生一个很小的“假根原细胞”，后者最终发育成假根，萌发体的其它细胞发育成苗体。受精后约48h，受精卵发育成具有假根芽的幼孢子体，开始脱落附着；培养15d，发育成具有2个叶片、体长超过3n31Tl的幼孢子体。在幼苗的早期培育阶段，较高的温度和长光照时有利于幼苗的生长和叶片增加，适宜培养条件为温度21～24℃，光密度401amolphotons／（m2·s），光周期14L：10D。In order to establish artificial seeding techniques of Sargassum horneri, it was observed in this paper the release of eggs, embryology of zygotes, development and growth of juvenile sporophytes, and effect of culture conditions on germlings growth in laboratory culture. The results showed that the eggs released simultaneously from the basal and middle parts of female receptacles, and adhered to the recepta- cle surface for fertilization and early development. After fertilization, eight nuclei in a newly released egg would rapidly start nuclei fusion to form a larger central nucleus and begin division. The zygote underwent two transverse divisions firstly, and produced a small cell named ＂rhizoid original cell＂ which subse- quently developed into rhizoids near the one extreme of the germling, meanwhile the other two cells of the germling developed into body of the juvenile sporophyte. After 48 hours, the zygote developed into a mul- ticellular germling with rhizoid buds and began to fall and adhered to the attachment substance. After 15 days of culture, the germlings grew up to 3 mm in the mean length and with 2 leaflets. The higher tem- perature and longer daylength were of benefit to the growth and leaflet development of germlings. The germlings showed better growth at 21-24 ℃ under 40 gmol photons/（m2·s） and long-day （14L ： 10D）.

关 键 词：铜藻 受精卵 幼孢子体 发育 人工培养 

分 类 号：Q954.43[生物学—动物学] S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]