栽培地区、采收季节和株龄对迷迭香精油成分和抑菌活性的影响  

Effect of Location,Harvest Season and Plant Age on Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis

作　　者：潘岩[1,2] 白红彤[1] 李慧[1] 姜闯道[1] 石雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所资源植物研发重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《植物学报》2012年第6期625-636,共12页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：中国科学院科技支新工程(No.XBXJ-2010-006);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KSCX2-EW-B-9);中国科学院西部行动计划(No.KZCX2-XB3-07-02);新疆生产建设兵团科技支疆计划(No.2008ZJ04)

摘　　要：采用气相色谱-质谱联用的方法,研究了不同提取部位、栽培地区、采收季节和株龄对迷迭香精油提取率、成分和抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,在贵州栽培的迷迭香叶子中精油的主要成分为α-蒎烯(31.88%–39.09%)、1,8-桉叶素(8.82%–10.97%)和樟脑(7.63%–11.59%);茎中精油的主要成分为龙脑(26.62%–39.05%)、樟脑(11.41%–15.27%)和α-蒎烯(7.23%–17.80%);茎中精油的抑菌活性强于叶中精油。北京地区栽培的迷迭香,其叶子中精油的主要成分为樟脑(27.92%)和L-β-蒎烯(25.28%),抑菌活性强;茎中精油和贵州栽培的成分和活性均相似。对于采收季节,夏季采收的迷迭香精油提取率高,抑菌活性强。而株龄对精油的成分和抑菌活性影响不大。该研究为我国引种迷迭香的合理配置栽培、采收、生产条件和高效开发利用其抑菌活性提供了科学的依据。We examined the effect of plant part, cultivating location, harvest season and plant age on the oil yield, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from rosemary （Rosmarinus officinalis）. We analyzed essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coil and Proteus vulgaris. All oil samples showed antibacterial ability against the 4 strains. For Guizhou rosemary, the major compounds of leaf oils were a-pinene （31.88%-39.09%）, 1,8-cineole （8.82%-10.97%） and camphor （7.63%-11.59%）, whereas those of stem oils were borneol （26.62%-39.05%）, camphor （11.41%-15.27%） and a-pinene （7.23%-17.80%）. Antibacterial activity was greater for oils from stems than leaves. For oils from Beijing rosemary, the major compounds of leaf oils were camphor （27.92%） and L-β-pinene （25.28%）, and the oils showed higher antibacterial activity than those from Guizhou, whereas oils from Beijing plant stems were similar to those from Guizhou plant stems. Oil yields were higher and antibacterial activity stronger with harvesting in June than September and December. In terms of plant age, oil yield, chemical composition and antibacterial activity showed slight differences. Rosemary could be cultivated in parks of Beijing as an ornamental plant and in mountain areas of Guizhou for economic use. Rosemary might be harvested twice in summer and winter, with autumn the second vegetative growing period. Moreover, both leaf and stem parts of rosemary can be used for at least 10 years with little degradation. Our study provides a theoretical basis for maximizing the use of rosemary.

关 键 词：抑菌活性 化学成分 精油 气相色谱-质谱 迷迭香 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]