中国鲜面条耐煮特性及评价指标  

Characteristics and Evaluation Parameters Associated with Cooking Quality of Chinese Fresh Noodle

作　　者：张艳[1] 阎俊[2] 肖永贵[1] 王德森[1] 何中虎[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家小麦改良中心,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455112 [3]麦改良中心(CIMMYT)中国办事处,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2012年第11期2078-2085,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171547);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)重大国际合作项目(2011-G3)资助

摘　　要：以我国北部和黄淮冬麦区的46份主栽小麦品种和育成品系为材料，分析了品质性状与煮熟面条冲洗水中总有机物含量（TOM）、干物质蒸煮损失率、面条吸水性和黏性等面条耐煮性指标的关系。结果表明，小麦品种的磨粉品质、面团流变学特性、淀粉品质及TOM值、蒸煮损失率和黏性等面条耐煮性指标存在较大变异。拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力与TOM值呈显著负相关，相关系数分别为-0．66（P〈0．01）和-0．56（P〈0．01）；稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力与面条煮6min和10min后鲜重的相关系数为-0．55- -0．63（P〈0．01），耐揉指数与二者的相关系数分别为0．67（P〈0．01）和0．69（P〈0．01）；糊化温度与面条煮10min后鲜重呈极显著正相关（r=0．60，P〈0．01），说明提高小麦面粉的蛋白质含量、面筋强度可以显著改善面条耐煮特性，蛋白质特性是影响面条耐煮性的主要品质因子，淀粉糊化参数对面条耐煮性也有一定影响。TOM值与面条煮6min和10min后鲜重呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0．66（P〈0．01）和0．69（P〈0．01）；面条煮6min与煮10min后鲜重也呈高度正相关（r=0．86，P〈0．01）。建议将10g鲜面条煮10min后的鲜重≤21．0g作为优质鲜面条耐煮性的主要评价指标。Noodle cooking quality plays an important role in assessing processing quality of Chinese flesh noodle. Forty-six Chi- nese wheat cultivars and advanced lines from the Northern Plain and the Huang-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Regions were used to determine the relationship between wheat quality characters and evaluation parameters of Chinese fresh noodle cooking quality including total organic matter （TOM）, cooking losses, water sorption, and noodle stickiness. The results indicated that large variations were observed in milling quality, dough rheology characteristics, starch properties, and noodle cooking quality parameters including TOM value, cooking losses, and noodle stickiness. Extensogram energy and maximum resistance contri- buted negatively to TOM value, with correlation coefficients of -0.66 （P〈0.01） and -0.56 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Correlation coefficients between Farinogram stability, Extensogram energy and maximum resistance and cooked noodle weights with optimal cooking （6 min） and overcooking （10 min） ranged from -0.55 to -0.63 （P〈0.01）. Farinogram mixing tolerance index was signifi- cantly and positively correlated with cooked noodle weights for 6 rain and 10 min, with correlation coefficients of 0.67 （P〈0.01） and 0.69 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Starch pasting temperature was significantly and positively correlated with cooked noodle weights for 10 min （r = 0.60, P〈0.01）. This suggested that increased flour protein content and dough gluten strength contributed positively to noodle cooking quality, flour protein property was the major factor in determining noodle cooking quality, and noo- dle cooking quality was also affected slightly by starch pasting parameters. TOM value was significantly and positively correlated with cooked noodle weights for 6 rain and I0 rain, with correlation coefficients of 0.66 （P〈0.01） and 0.69 （P〈0.01）, respectively. Correlation coefficient between cooked noodle weight with 6 min and 10 min cooking time was 0.

关 键 词：普通小麦 面筋质量 面条耐煮特性 面条煮后鲜重 

分 类 号：TS213.24[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]