稻飞虱灾变与环境的关系  

On Relations to the Harms and Environments of Planthoppers

作　　者：罗守进[1] 林璐璐[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院情报研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2012年第5期65-78,共14页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

摘　　要：稻飞虱是为害水稻的主要害虫之一,它的发生与为害与大气环流、气温、降水、二氧化碳、海拔、寄主植物、肥料、农药、天敌等气候因子及环境因子的变化有着密切的关系。气象因素不仅影响稻飞虱在我国的越冬范围和虫源基数及其分布,还影响不同时期稻飞虱的迁入量和迁入区的分布,同时也通过影响天敌种群消长、土壤的肥力潜能释放、寄主水稻生长状况、杀虫剂药效发挥等方式间接作用于稻飞虱种群。不同世代的季节性迁飞紧密地与稻飞虱临时栖息的环境空间改变相关。稻田主要捕食性天敌与稻飞虱在水稻各生育期,呈交替或同时发生,表现在时间生态位上的同步性和垂直生态位上的同域性,各类天敌独自发挥对稻飞虱的自然控制作用。The harms caused by Planthoppers are related to the meteorological factors , environments, and natural enemies deeply. Meteorological factors not only influence the overwintering range, population density and distribution of rice planthoppers in China, but also affect the immigration quantity and distribution of immigration area in different periods. They also affect population dynamics of natural enemies, release of fertility potential, growth status of host rice and exertion of pesticide efficacy, thus indirectly affect the population of rice planthoppers. Atmospheric circulation not only is the power and vector for migration of rice planthoppers, but also affects the oc- currence and development of rice plan- thoppers via influencing ecological mete- orological conditions in rice regions. The periods of ground meteorological factors influencing the occurrence of rice planthoppers mainly are summer and winter. Airflow field not only promotes or inhibits takeoff and landing of rice planthoppers, but also decides the height, speed, direction and distance of air long-distance migration. The southwest monsoon in summer is the main carrying airflow for their northward migration, the insect source is mainly from the south, and there are no insects emigrated from northwest; the backward migration insect source is quite wide, and the northeast wind is the major carrying airflow for their backward migration. The high altitude airflow field formed by fluctuation of the subtropical high and the continental high plays carrying role for migration of rice planthoppers, The northward and southward advance and retreat of two high pressures in different seasons push the cold air mass to from frontal weather, and this weather is the main condition for coneentrated forced landing of rice planthoppers. Typhoon is an important weather process affecting the migration of rice planthoppers. The landing time of typhoon in China is mainly focused between July and September, and this period is just the active season for southward mi

关 键 词：稻飞虱 为害 灾变 环境 气象 天敌 

分 类 号：S435.112[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]