中国工业水环境COD、NH_4-N排放变化影响因素研究  

DECOMPOSING THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF COD AND NH_4-N DISCHARGED IN INDUSTRIAL WATER ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：李长嘉[1] 雷宏军[2] 潘成忠[1] 丁爱中[1] 鄢正红[1] 崔双超[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,教育部水沙科学重点实验室,北京100875 [2]华北水利水电学院,郑州450011

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第5期476-482,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家水专项(饮用水主题)资助项目(2009ZX07426-003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目

摘　　要：为剖析工业污染排放变化的驱动机制,选取工业废水排放中2种典型污染物COD、NH4-N,将其排放变化分解为规模、结构、技术3种效应,并进一步将技术效应分解为清洁生产和污染治理2种效应,应用LMDI1方法求得各种效应值.结果表明:2001—2009年间,工业COD排放年均变化率为-2.99%,对应几种效应值分别为14.64%、-1.39%、-16.24%、-10.71%和-5.53%;NH4-N年平均变化率为-4.03%,几种效应值分别为16.18%、-2.88%、-17.33%、-9.48%和-7.85%.规模效应是造成COD、NH4-N排放增加的主要原因,分别占总效应值的45%和44%.技术效应是COD、NH4-N排放量降低的关键因素,分别占总效应值的50%和48%.清洁生产效应占技术效应的比例分别为60%和55%,污染治理效应相对较小.结构效应对COD、NH4-N减少排放具有正贡献,但总体影响程度较小.在对主要工业行业排污特点分析基础上,从规模、结构和技术3方面提出了行业调整和发展的方向.Industry plays a vital part in China＇s economic growth,but it is also the main sources of pollution.In order to examine the relationship between underlying driving forces and various environmental indicators,two critical industrial wastewater pollutant discharges during 2001—2009,including Chemical Oxygen Demand（COD） and ammonia nitrogen（NH4-N）,were decomposed into three factors： production effect,structural effect and intensity effect,the intensity effect was further divided into cleaner production effect and pollution abatement effect with the cleaner production effect using a Logarithmic Mean Division Index I（LMDI I） decomposition method.Results showed that： average annual effect of COD discharges in China was-2.99%,with production,structure,and intensity effects at 14.64%,-1.39%,and-16.24%,respectively.Similarly,average effect of NH4-N discharge was -4.03%,while production effect,structure effect,and intensity effect were 16.18%,-2.88%,and-17.33%,respectively;the production effect was the major factor responsible for the rise of COD and NH4-N discharges,accounting for 45% and 44% of total,respectively;the intensity effect had a dominant decremental effect on COD and NH4-N discharges,accounting for 50% and 48% respectively of total;the cleaner production effect accounting for 60% and 55% in reduction of COD and NH4-N,respectively,whereas the pollution abatement effect was relatively small;the major contributors to incremental COD and NH4-N discharges were divided among industrial sub-sectors and the top contributors were identified.Potential restructuring and regulatory measures were proposed for pollutant reduction.

关 键 词：工业污染 水环境 因素 LMDI1 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]