天津市视力残疾鉴定15834例分析  

An analysis of 1 5834 visually disabled patients in Tianjin, China

作　　者：韩丁[1] 吴淑英[1] 李筱荣[1] 刘巨平[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学眼科中心眼视光学院,300020

出　　处：《中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志》2012年第11期659-663,共5页Chinese Journal Of Optometry Ophthalmology And Visual Science

摘　　要：目的调查“十一五”期间天津市进行视力残疾鉴定患者的基本情况、等级分布及主要致残原因。为日后低视力康复工作的开展提供有价值的资料。方法调查研究。收集2006年1月至2010年12月天津市进行视力残鉴定并明确诊断的视残患者15834例。记录患者个人情况及眼部情况，根据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查视残废分级标准，对患者进行分级并明确致残原因。不同致残原因所致盲和低视力频数分布的差异进行x2检验。结果男性视残患者多于女性，市区多于郊县，较高年龄、较低文化程度及低家庭经济收入者所占比例较大。15834名视残患者中盲6598例（41．67％），其中一级5015例（31．67％），二级1583例（10．00％）；低视力9236例（58．33％），其中三级1713例（10．82％），四级7523例（47．51％）。白内障5196例（32．82％），其中盲32．98％，低视力32．70％。除白内障外，盲与低视力主要致病原因的构成不完全相同（x2=38．33，P〈0．01）。致盲病因主要为视网膜／葡萄膜病变（15．40％）、角膜病（13．78％），而致低视力病因主要为屈光不正／弱视（18．32％）、视网膜／葡萄膜病变（17．37％）。结论天津市“十一五”期间确定的视残者中低视力患者多于盲患者，白内障仍是首要致残原因。Objective To investigate the status and the leading causes of visual disability in patients identified in Tianjin, China. Methods In an investigative study in Tianjin, a total of 1 5834 patients with visual disability were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2010. Personal statistics, visual function examination results and main etiology diagnoses were recorded. The grading was confirmed according to the 2nd National Sample Survey of Disability. A chi-square test was used to investigate the different leading causes. Results Male patients, urban district residents, older age groups, lower education and lower income accounted for a large part of the patient population. Among the 1 5834 patients, 6598（41.67%） were blind and 9236（58.33%） had low vision. The principal cause is still cataract （32.82%）. In addition, the main causes of blindness and low vision were different （x2=38.33, P〈0.01）. Blindness resulted primarily from retinopathy/ ehoroidopathy （15.40%） and corneal disease （13.78%） and low vision resulted primarily from ammetropia/ amblyopia （18.32%） and retinopathy/choroidopathy （17.37%）. Conclusion There were a greater number of low vision cases than blindness. Cataract is still the principal cause of visual disability. Better allocation of services and resources is urgently needed. Attention should be given to the rehabilitation of visual disability and great effort should be made to prevent uncorrected visual impairment.

关 键 词：残疾人 盲 视力 低 小地区分析 天津 

分 类 号：R778[医药卫生—眼科]