区位优势、集聚经济和中国地区间FDI竞争  

Location Advantage,Agglomeration Economies and Competition for FDI among Chinese Regions

作　　者：赵伟[1] 向永辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2012年第6期111-125,共15页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(11AJL010);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(10YJC790294)

摘　　要：FDI在中国东部多、中西部少,这可能导致东部在集聚经济上的优势,而资源禀赋和经济发展差异也造成了东部和中西部的区位差异,这两方面差异可能会影响东部和中西部省份对FDI的竞争策略。在马尔可夫完美均衡的框架下构建一个模型来分析集聚经济、区位优势对地区间FDI税收竞争均衡的影响,后续的空间面板实证分析则表明:地区之间的FDI税收竞争是存在的,税收仍然是影响FDI区位分布的重要因素,但随着时间渐趋减弱;相对来说,中西部省份更依赖于税收竞争,而且吸引的也是对税率更加敏感的相对低端的FDI;拥有区位优势和集聚经济优势的东部省份则可以对FDI课征更高的税率以获取集聚租金;另外,集聚经济的存在弱化了地区间的税收竞争,东部和中西部省份对FDI课征的平均税率随着时间均趋于升高。The geographical distribution of FDI in China is highly uneven and mostly concentrated in eastern China,which shows a core-periphery pattern.This is actually a macro outcome of the micro location and subsequent investment decisions of multinational corporations.The decisions of multinational corporations are not only subject to their types and strategic objectives,but also depend on the location advantage in each region,especially depend on various incentives provided by local governments.The empirical studies on FDI in China mostly regard the spatial agglomeration of FDI as a result,based on which they have researched on the reasons behind the agglomeration,like market potential,tax incentives,infrastructure,labor costs,human capital,FDI stock etc.Owning to higher productivity and greater mobility of multinational enterprises compared with domestic counterparts,local governments under fiscal decentralization has launched a comprehensive fiscal competition to pursue FDI,which ranges from tax incentives competition to competition in fiscal spending for productivity-enhancement.From this perspective,FDI agglomeration can be seen as the outcome of a multi-game among multinational corporations and the local governments.However,the spatial agglomeration of FDI,is not only an outcome of this game,but also affects the intermediate process of this game.In short,FDI agglomeration itself can generate agglomeration economies and attract the follow-up FDI.Thus,regions with larger amount of FDI stock（or larger agglomeration economies） may take advantage of this to set higher tax rate or provide lower subsidies.So far there is little theoretical and empirical research on how agglomeration economies affect the competitive strategy of local government in chasing FDI.Local governments can neither control the types and purposes of foreign investors,nor can they change the location advantages which are generated spontaneously.However,they can manipulate taxes,subsidies,structure and quantities of fiscal expenditures.Considering

关 键 词：税收竞争 集聚经济 区位优势 外国直接投资 马尔可夫完美均衡 FDI 

分 类 号：F832.6[经济管理—金融学] F224