日本灾后心理援助的经验与启示  

Empirical Summary and Revelation of Post-Disaster Psycho and Mental Health Aids in Japan

作　　者：胡媛媛[1] 李旭[1] 符抒[1] 

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学,成都610054

出　　处：《电子科技大学学报（社科版）》2012年第5期65-68,82,共5页Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学研究"十一五"规划项目:日本防灾教育体系与心理重建模式考察研究项目资助(SC10W009)

摘　　要：灾害不仅会带来人员伤亡和财产损失,还会对幸存者、救助者以及全社会造成极大的心理冲击。一些当事人会产生持续性的心理问题,甚至选择自杀等极端方式。我国是灾害多发国,积累了较为丰富的防灾减灾和重建经验,但主要体现在道路、住所、卫生等方面的物质重建,灾后心理援助则起步较晚,经验不足。而灾害同样频发的日本,心理援助经验丰富:注重广泛联合各个领域,发动民间团体的力量;对微观个体的心理援助十分细腻,形成了独具特色的援助策略。这对我国灾后人文重建具有重要的借鉴意义。Disasters not only cause casualties and property losses, but also bring overwhelming psychological impact on survivors, rescuers and the whole society. Some people who have experienced disasters may suffer from perpetual psychological problems, and some of them even resort to extreme means such as suicide. China is a disaster-prone country, with rich experience accumulated in disaster prevention, disaster alleviation and post-disaster reconstruction efforts, but mainly in terms of physical reconstruction of roads, dwellings, health facilities and so on. We are quite inexperienced in post-disaster psycho and mental health aids, as we have started up rather late. Disasters also happen frequently in Japan, but Japanese people now boast of rather rich experience in psycho and mental health aids： with efforts from all sectors and even from civil bodies, meticulous and careful psychological and mental health help has been given to individuals, which has proven to be a distinctive strategy. These could be good references for our humanistic reconstruction efforts in the wake of disasters and catastroohes in China.

关 键 词：日本 灾后 应激障碍 心理援助 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]