南方极端冰雪气候与地质灾害的关系分析  

Correlation Analysis between Geological Disasters and Extreme Ice-snow Climate in Southern China

作　　者：李远耀[1] 柴波[2] 缪海波[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质调查研究院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学环境学院,武汉430074 [3]中国地质大学工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2012年第6期22-27,33,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BAC47B01);国家自然科学基金项目(2009053033);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CUGL110203)

摘　　要：2008年初,我国南方出现了罕见的极端冰雪天气,引发了大量地质灾害,使得南方冰雪气候条件下地质灾害的研究受到广泛关注。为了研究南方冰雪气候和地质灾害的关系,本文首先以2008年初我国南方部分省份气象资料为基础,分析了极端冰雪气候的特征;然后以典型地质灾害调查成果为依据,总结了南方极端冰雪气候诱发地质灾害的特征;最后探讨了南方极端冰雪气候与地质灾害的关系。结果表明:①我国南方极端冰雪气候具有低温时间短、多次复杂雨雪过程的特点,仅在地表5cm以内形成短时冻土,地表冻土层易发生反复冻融,冰雪后融冰时间短,容易形成集中地表径流;②地表冰冻所产生的冻胀力一般不直接引发滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害,但融冰期间的反复冻融和融水入渗是诱发地质灾害的主因;③我国南方极端冰雪条件下地质灾害成生的地质环境背景为山地丘陵区、地质构造复杂、雨(雪)量充沛以及斜坡表层岩土体结构松散且力学性质差。本研究对我国南方冰雪气候下地质灾害的风险评价及其防治具有积极意义。In early 2008 ,the rare ice-snow climate occurred and induced large geological disasters in southern China. For the purpose of studying the correlation between geological disasters and extreme ice-snow climate in the south, firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of extreme ice-snow climate by sorting the meteorological data of some southern provinces from January to February, 2008. Then, the paper summarizes the characteristics of representative geological disasters caused by ice-snow climate according to the investigations. Finally, the correlation between geological disasters and extreme ice-snow climate process is discussed. The analysis indicates that the duration of low temperature climate is short and rainfall is multiple and complicated during the extreme ice-snow climate process. The soil within 5 cm underground can be frozen in short time and tends to form freezing-thawing cycles. The process of thawing ice is short and can form centralized surface runoffs. Frost-heaving force of surface frozen soil will not directly induce landslide and collapse; however, the repeated freezing-thawing of surface soil and the infiltration of melting ice and snow are the main factors of geological disasters. The geological disasters have special geological and weather backgrounds, including middle-mountain and hilly landform, ample precipitation, complicated geological structure and loose soil. These conclusions are significant for the prevention of geological disasters under extreme ice-snow climate in southern China.

关 键 词：南方 极端冰雪气候 地质灾害 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]