波普对福山“历史终结论”的挑战  

Popper’s Challenge Towards Fukuyama’s Theory of "The End of History"

作　　者：王建斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学政治学院,重庆400047

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2012年第6期113-117,共5页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(08BZX008);重庆师范大学青年基金项目(10XWQ34)

摘　　要：福山和波普都坚持自由主义。然而,在具体观点和论证方法上却存在着很大的差异。福山认为历史将终结于自由民主制度,对人类社会的未来作出了预言。而波普则反对任何历史预言的思想,称它们为"历史主义"。在论证方法上,福山采取了整体主义、进化主义和本质主义等方法,而这恰恰是波普所批判的。波普和福山思想的分歧事实上也是"自由主义"和"社群主义"的分歧,波普自由主义建立在"个人主义"基础上,而福山则强调"共同体",倾向于社群主义;他们分歧的根基则是权利优先于善,还是善优先于权利。Fukuyama and Popper are both in favor of liberalism. However, there are great differences in specif- ic point of view and demonstration methods. Fukuyama thinks that liberal democracy is the final form of human gov- ernment, predicting the future of the human being . However, Popper is against finding the law of history and pre- dicting the history, calling them ＂the historicism＂. In the demonstration methods, the methods that Fukuyama takes, including the holism, the evolutionism and the essentialism, are criticized by Popper. The difference be- tween Fukuyama and Popper is between the liberalism and the communitarian. The former puts the emphasis on the individualism while the latter on the community. The foundation of the difference lies in the priority of power or kindness.

关 键 词：历史的终结 历史主义 进化主义 共同体 

分 类 号：K061[历史地理—历史学]