小学生数学解题思维习惯的调查研究  

The Investigation of Primary School Students’ Thinking Habits in Mathematical Problem Solving

作　　者：宁连华[1] 王薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学数学科学学院

出　　处：《课程．教材．教法》2012年第12期67-73,88,共8页Curriculum，Teaching Material and Method

基　　金：江苏省教育科学“十二五”规划重点课题“苏北农村中小学教师专业发展的支持体系研究”(B-b/2011/01/022)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：数学解题思维习惯，是指学习者在数学解题活动中逐渐形成和发展起来的相对稳定的解题思维方式，直接影响着数学解题的成效。调查统计分析表明，小学高年级学生的解题思维习惯具有如下特点：（1）理解题意的思维习惯表现出层次性，熟悉题目方面基本都能做到，不同解题水平的学生没有差异，但在深入理解题意方面解题水平高的学生有明显的优势；（2）拟订解题方案的思维习惯整体良好，不同解题水平的学生呈现出明显的差异性；（3）解题实施的思维习惯一般，不同解题水平的学生差异不明显；（4）解题反思的思维习惯比较薄弱，不同解题水平的学生差异不明显。Thinking habits in mathematical problem solving are evolved and developed in learners＇ relevant problem-solving activities. And the relatively stable ways of thinking in problem solving directly influence the result of mathematical problem solving. According to the survey and analysis, the characteristics of senior pupils＇ thinking habits in problem solving are as follows. Firstly, different levels of students＇ abilities are demonstrated in the understanding of questions. Students with different problem-solving abilities have no difference in recognizing a problem and almost every pupil can do so. However, students with higher problem- solving abilities have obvious advantage in understanding of the question deeply. Secondly, the thinking habit of making a plan is good on the whole, but there are significant differences among students of different levels. Thirdly, the thinking habit in the implementation of problem-solving plan is average. Students with different problem-solving abilities don＇t show Significant differences. Fourthly, students＇ thinking habit of reflection on solving problem is relatively weak in general and the differences among them are not significant.

关 键 词：小学生 数学解题 思维习惯 差异检验 

分 类 号：G623.5[文化科学—教育学]