工作记忆对时间加工的影响  

The Influence of Working Memory on Time Information Processing

作　　者：毕翠华[1] 黄希庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2012年第12期1952-1961,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：西南大学211工程国家重点学科建设项目课题(NSKD11001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU1209477)资助

摘　　要：非时间信息加工与时间加工的关系是复杂的,存在双向干扰或单向干扰,结果的不一致与任务所需的注意资源及工作记忆都有关。工作记忆的中央执行系统在时间加工中起主要作用,同时进行的非时间任务对中央执行功能的需求越多,两种任务之间的干扰程度越大。语言环和视空间模板对时间加工的影响与非时间信息的类型有关。工作记忆作为一个整体以工作记忆容量为指标,计时成绩也表现出与工作记忆容量有关的年龄、智力等方面的差异。时间加工和工作记忆在额叶、顶叶、基底神经节等皮质存在共同的神经机制。未来应该丰富工作记忆的研究内容,结合时间加工的分段性探讨工作记忆影响时间加工的具体进程及神经机制,并力求在应用方面取得一定的成果。There is complex relationship which is either bidirectional or unidirectional interference between time estimation and nontemporal information processing. Different results are related to attention and working memory resources required by distinct tasks. The central executive component of working memory is mainly recruited during timing that the more nontemporal task requires central executive resources, the greater bidirectional interferences become. Phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad, demanded by different type of distractive tasks are also involved in time estimation. Working memory capacity is an index reflecting personally whole working memory ability, thus timing is affected by other factors-related to working memory capacity such as age, intelligence as well. Timing and working memory rely on the same neural representation such as frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and basal ganglia. The future research should enrich contents of working memory, integrate subsections of temporal processing to explore the time course and neural mechanism of working memory affecting timing, and strive to seek application value in this field.

关 键 词：工作记忆 时间加工 中央执行系统 语音环 视空间模板 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]