学术精神缘何被异化——基于学术权力和学术权利不当行使的法理解析  

Why the Academic Spirit is Dissimilated——Legal Analysis of Improper Exercising of Academic Power and Academic Right

作　　者：胡志斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学法学系,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《学术界》2012年第11期137-146,285,共10页Academics

基　　金：2010年度教育部人文社科规划基金研究项目"学术不端行为的法律规制研究"(10YJAZH032)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：学术精神是学术研究的灵魂和导向,是学者独立、自由、求真、创新等学术品格的表达。学术精神的彰显既需要学者正当地行使学术权利,包括秉持求真务实的研究态度、恪守学术道德和学术规范、规避学术失范和学术不端等。同时,也有赖于国家或管理者在学术资源、学术政策与法律等外部条件上予以合理设计和有力支撑。外部条件中的权力因素与学术资源有限性的叠加,使得学术权利的行使不仅具有依附性,而且还充满竞争性。由于学术自律和他律的不足和失控,当下的学术研究有了浮躁、功利、失范、不端等学术精神异化的心理和行为表征,并有愈演愈烈之势。从法理的角度解析,管理者学术权力行政化、利益化是学术精神异化的外在趋导因素;学者学术权利功利化、亲权力化是学术精神异化的内在驱动因素。因此,基于学术法治的内在要求,应当对学术权力和学术权利的行使加以规制。Academic spirit is the soul and orientation of academic research,is the expression of academic independence,academic freedom,academic truth-seeking,academic innovation and academic character.Highlighting the academic spirit requires both scholars rightful exercising academic rights,including upholding pragmatic research attitude,complying with academic ethics and academic norms,evading academic anomie and academic misconduct,etc.At the same time,highlighting the academic spirit depends also on that the country or managers reasonably design and strongly support external conditions of academic resources,academic policies and laws.The superposition of power factors in the external conditions and the limited academic resources makes the exercising of academic rights possess not only dependence,but also full of competitive.Because academic self-discipline and external constraints is lack and out of control,at present,academic research has psychological and behavioral phenomenon of academic spiritual alienation,which shows impetuous,utilitarian,anomie,misconduct,and which has increasingly heavy trend.Analyzing from a legal point,administration and interests of academic power of controllers is the external guide factors of academic spiritual alienation;the utilitarian and tendency-power of academic right of scholars is internal driving factors of academic spiritual alienation.So,in view of internal claim of academic rule-by-law,we should rationally regulate the exercising of academic power and academic right.

关 键 词：学术精神 异化 学术权力 学术权利 非正当行使 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]