反硝化抑制石油集输系统中硫酸盐还原菌的现场实验  

Field research of denitrification inhibiting sulfate-reducing in crude oil gathering and transferring system

作　　者：赵楠[1] 李岩[2] 王堂彪 金鹏康[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055 [2]长庆油田油气工艺研究院,西安710021 [3]上海现代华盖建筑设计研究院有限公司,上海200041

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2012年第12期4699-4704,共6页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50978211);陕西科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2012KTCL-03-06);陕西省自然基金资助项目(2011JY002)

摘　　要：针对长庆油田采油四厂艾家湾作业区集输系统中硫化氢气体浓度较高的问题,采用生物竞争抑制技术对该石油集输系统中H2S进行了处理和现场实验研究。研究结果表明,采用单井生物前端抑制可以使集输系统中沉降罐、污水罐中H2S气体浓度由最初的268 mg/m3降低至《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》(GBZ2-2002)要求的10 mg/m3以下。在实验周期内,系统中的反硝化细菌的数量随加药时间的延长逐渐增加,从最初的3 000 cfu/100 mL增加至600 000 cfu/100 mL,而此时系统内的ORP值由硫酸盐还原菌生存的最佳微环境(-300～-350 mV)升高至反硝化细菌生存的最佳微环境(-50～-100 mV)。16S rDNA测序结果表明,反硝化微生物种群和数量增长很快,并得到适宜于艾家湾作业区集输系统中硫酸盐还原菌抑制的反硝化微生物主要是耐盐芽孢杆菌、产碱假单胞菌和奈瑟菌。完善了集输系统中硫酸盐还原菌次生H2S的生物抑制技术,证实了处理技术与实施工艺的可行性。Aiming at the problem of high concentration of hydrogen sulfide in crude oil gathering and transferring sys- tems of Aijiawan section in Changqing Oil field, the inhibiting function of denitrification in reducing the activities of sulfate bacteria in the process was used. The result shows that when we used the biological inhibition technique in front of the crude oil gathering and transferring systems, the concentration of H2S in sedimentation tank and sewage tank sharply decreased from 268 mg/m3 to less than 10 mg/m3 which meet the demand of Occupational Exposure Limit for Hazardous Agents in the Work- place （GBZ2-2D02）. The number of denitrifying bacteria increased from initial 3 000 cfu/100 mL to 600000 cfu/100 mL as the time went on. The ORP （oxidation-reduction potential） was made to increase from - 350 to - 300 mV when - 100 to - 50 mV were just needed for denitrifying bacteria. Adding sodium nitrite to the oil well is helpful to improve ORP and is able to provide sufficient nitrogen. In our experiments, we succeeded in achieving the best inhibitory effect on the decrease of hydro- gen sulfide. We also studied the change taking place in the microbial communities by using 16S rDNA gene based meth- od. The result proves that the number of microbial communities and DNB increased effectively, it also indicates that three kind of DNB named Bacillus Halodurans, Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Neisseria played the most important role to restrain the activity of SRB in the system. The study developed the biological inhibition technique of H2S produced by SRB, and confirmed the feasibility of treatment technology and process application.

关 键 词：硫酸盐还原菌 反硝化 硫化氢 石油集输系统 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]