西双版纳亚洲象食物源基地对缓解人象冲突的效应  

Effects of Asian elephant food source base on the mitigation of human-elephant conflict in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, Southwest China

作　　者：郭贤明 何謦成 王兰新 杨正斌 李中员 朱子悦[4] 

机构地区：[1]西双版纳国家级自然保护区科研所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明650091 [3]西双版纳国家级自然保护区勐养管理所,云南景洪666103 [4]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第12期3133-3137,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：云南大学研究生基金项目(ynuy201138);国家自然科学基金项目(30870431);国际爱护动物基金会亚洲象研究项目;国家示范保护区建设项目资助

摘　　要：建设食物源基地的目的是招引亚洲象返回保护区深处而减少周边村寨的人象冲突。2005—2010年对勐养子保护区食物源基地内亚洲象活动的监测数据进行统计,分析亚洲象在基地的活动规律,结合基地周边村寨的亚洲象肇事情况,研究了基地对亚洲象和周边村寨的影响,以探讨基地对缓解人象冲突的效应。结果表明:基地提供大量食物招引亚洲象,对缓解人象冲突有一定作用;亚洲象在基地活动的月节律和日节律与当地农作物的播种、成熟时间以及日常劳作时序基本一致;食物匮乏时,亚洲象取食引种的外来植物王草,或是进入周边村寨取食作物,并出现距离基地越近,亚洲象肇事越严重的现象。因此,认为食物源基地建设应格外关注其位置布局和更恰当的植物配置。Establishing food source base for Asian elephants is to attract them returning to the depths of nature reserve, and to reduce the human-elephant conflict （HEC）. In 2005-2010, a statistical analysis was made on the monitoring data about the activities of Asian elephants in the Mengyang sub-reserve food source base of Xishuangbanna to analyze the activity rhythms of the elephants in the base, and, in combining the cause troubles of the Asian elephants in the sur- rounding villages of the base, the influences of the food source base on the Asian elephants and surrounding villages were studied, aimed to approach the mitigation effect of the food source base on human-elephant conflict. The food source base supplied large amount of foods to attract Asian elephants, playing definite roles in mitigating the HEC. The monthly and diurnal activity rhythms of the Asian elephants in the base were almost synchronous with the sowing and maturing periods of local crops and the time sequence of the farmers＇ routine work. During the period of food shortage, the elephants mainly fed on king grass, a kind of introduced alien plants, or raided into villages to feed crops. The nearer the distance between the food source base and the villages, the more Asian elephant-related cause troubles happened. Therefore, great attentions should be paid to the location layout and the appropriate plant species combination in the establishment of food source base for Asian elephants.

关 键 词：食物源基地 亚洲象 人象冲突 西双版纳 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]