北京市再生水的公众认知度评估  

Public Awareness Assessment of Water Reuse in Beijing

作　　者：张炜铃[1] 陈卫平[1] 焦文涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第12期4133-4140,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001330);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLURE2008-1-4)

摘　　要：为缓解城市水资源短缺,回收再利用市政污水日益受到广泛关注.北京市作为最早实践再生水利用的城市之一,其市政污水再利用率已达约60%.本文以问卷、SPSS等作为调查研究工具,探索了被调查者的水资源及污水、再生水认知和再生水使用意愿、受访者的社会经济背景相关数据,对北京市公众的污水回用实践认知进行了评估.结果表明,北京市公众可强烈意识到城市水资源的短缺及处理污水的需要,但是他们在北京市主要水源、北京市用水量最大领域和北京市污水主要来源等问题上存在误区;大部分受访者对废水流向也表示不明确;然而,大于80%的居民表示只要不用于饮用或食物烹调,可以接受包括家庭使用的污水再利用,而63%的居民拒绝将再生水作为公共水源的补充;教育水平较高、个人收入较高、年龄介于35～55岁之间的被访者更加支持赞同再生水的使用,性别对调查结果并没有显著影响.最后,从公众、社区、政府这3个层面提出同步提升素质与认知、宣传和管理双管齐下、加强政策导向和硬件支持等建议.Reusing reclaimed municipal wastewater to mitigate urban water shortage is gaining widespread attentions.Beijing has led the nation in implementation and close to 60% of the treated municipal wastewater effluent is being reused.We evaluated the public＇s awareness of water reuse practices throughout the city.Based on questionnaire and the SPSS software,we analyzed the people＇s knowledge on water,wastewater and reclaimed issues and willingness to use reclaimed water along with their socio-economical background.While the public was keenly aware of the severe water shortage and the need to treat wastewater,they did not have clear ideas on sources of water supply,the biggest users of water,and the largest contributor of municipal wastewater.Results show that the majority of the Beijing residents we surveyed were not cognizant of water reuses taken places throughout the city.Greater than 80% of the residents would accept reclaimed wastewater for reuses even for domestic usages as long as not related to drinking and food preparation.However,63% of them would reject reusing it to supplement the public water supply.In general,subjects at a higher education level,with higher personal income,and between ages of 35 to 55 tended to be more supportive of the water reuses.The gender did not significantly affect the outcome of the survey.To enhance the awareness of the city residents,it suggests forwarding the propaganda and management,strengthening the policy-oriented and facility support from the public,community and government.

关 键 词：污水再利用 公众意见 问卷调查 水保护 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学]